C C101304 Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn A disorder of the fetus or newborn that occurs when fetal cells that are coated with IgG alloantibodies from the mother attack antigens inherited from the father. Severity can range from absence of symptoms to death. C3092 Hemoglobinopathy C98996 Neonatal Disorder C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C25215 Karyotype Karyotype The assessment of the chromosomal morphology and number in somatic cells of an individual. C15709 Genetic Testing C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C25596 Breast Feeding Breast Feeding The nursing of an infant at the mother's breast. C16326 Behavior C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C27644 Deafness Deafness An inherited or acquired condition characterized by the inability to hear in one or both ears. C35731 Hearing Loss C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C2849 Congenital Abnormality Congenital Abnormality Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period. C36287 C89328 Pediatric Disorder C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C2962 Seizure Seizure Sudden, involuntary skeletal muscular contractions of cerebral or brain stem origin. C87124 Central Nervous System Signs and Symptoms C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C3085 Hemangioma Hemangioma A benign vascular neoplasm characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels. C3262 Neoplasm C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C34599 Excoriation Excoriation Self-inflicted tearing or wearing off of skin. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C34724 Low Birth Weight Low Birth Weight A birth weight that is less than 2500 grams. C76325 Birth Weight C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C34781 Spastic Diplegia Spastic Diplegia A type of cerebral palsy characterized by spasticity and hypertonia of the lower extremities bilaterally, particularly the legs, hips, and pelvis; this is the most common (70%) form of cerebral palsy. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C38038 Tremor Tremor The shaking movement of the whole body or just a certain part of it, often caused by problems of the neurons responsible for muscle action. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C3890 Hypoxia Hypoxia A decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body. Symptoms range from mild (impaired judgment, memory loss, impaired motor coordination) to severe (seizures and coma). C45233 Respiratory System Finding C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C46088 Cesarean Section Cesarean Section C-Section|Caesarean Section Surgical delivery of one or more intrauterine fetuses though an abdominal incision. C81179 Delivery Procedure C90491 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C50484 Cephalohematoma Cephalohematoma Cephalhematoma A subperiosteal hemorrhage limited to the surface of one cranial bone, a usually benign condition seen in the newborn as a result of bone trauma. C81236 Birth Complication C92719 Fetal Disorder C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C50589 Hyperthermia Hyperthermia A condition characterized by an abnormally high body temperature. In a hyperthermic state, the hypothalamic set-point is normal but body temperature increases and overrides the ability to lose heat, resulting from exogenous heat exposure or endogenous heat production. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C50685 Pallor Pallor An unusual or extreme paleness, state of decreased skin or mucosal coloration. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C50746 Sneezing Sneezing A symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C73437 Apgar Score Apgar Score APGAR Score The numerical sum between zero and ten that is computed from individual values of zero to two that are assigned to five different areas of interest in newborn screenings. These areas are breathing, muscle tone, pulse rate, reflex irritability and skin color. C118807 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C76325 Birth Weight Birth Weight The first weight of a newborn obtained after birth. C81328 Body Weight C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C78500 Nasal Congestion Nasal Congestion The blockage of the nasal passage due to mucosal edema. It is usually the result of a viral infection or an allergic reaction. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C78718 Wheezing Wheezing A symptom and a finding during physical examination, characterized by a high-pitched, whistling sound during breathing. It results from the narrowing or obstruction of the respiratory airways. The most common causes of wheezing are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tracheobronchitis, and pulmonary edema. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81178 Newborn Screening Newborn Screening A specific type of newborn examination performed to allow for early detection of disease(s) and/or disorder(s). C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81181 Infant Reflex Infant Reflex Primitive reflex actions that newborns display in response to specific stimuli. These reflexes are involuntary and most disappear as the infant matures. C118807 C78342 Reflex C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81238 Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale An assessment tool created by Dr. T. Berry Brazelton and his colleagues to assist caregivers in determining developmental strengths and weaknesses in infants from birth to the age of two months. C81314 Newborn Behavioral Examination|Newborn Behavorial Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81242 Crown to Rump Length Measurement Crown to Rump Length Measurement A measurement from the high prominence of the head to the low prominence of the buttocks of a fetus or embryo during ultrasound. This measurement is useful in determining gestational age. C81253 Gestational Age|Gestational Weeks Assessment C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81247 Expected Date of Confinement Expected Date of Confinement The best estimated due date is determined by: last menstrual period (LMP) if confirmed by early ultrasound or no ultrasound performed, or early ultrasound if no known LMP or the ultrasound is not consistent with LMP, or known date of fertilization (e.g. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)). Notes: 1. Ultrasound margin of error and "early" to be defined by SMFM/ACOG/NICHD workshop. 2. Pregnancy should not be re-dated by a later ultrasound after a best obstetrical estimate of EDD has been established. (adapted from reVITALize) C25164 Date C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81248 Forceps Delivery Forceps Delivery Application of forceps to the fetal head to facilitate vaginal birth. C81301 Vaginal Assisted Delivery C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81253 Gestational Weeks Assessment Gestational Weeks Assessment Gestational age (written with both weeks and days, e.g. 39 weeks and 0 days) is calculated using the best obstetrical estimated due date (EDD) based on the following formula: Gestational Age = (280 - (EDD - Reference Date))/ 7. Note: Reference Date is the date on which you are trying to determine gestational age. (reVITALize) C89335 Life Stage C90341 Pediatric Intervention or Procedure C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81254 Grasp Reflex Grasp Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate to grasp the fingers when their palm is touched. This reflex is present until six months of age. C81181 Infant Reflex C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81255 Head Circumference Head Circumference A circumferential measurement of the head at the widest point, which is traditionally above the eyebrows. C25334 Length C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81267 Feeding Method Feeding Method A description of the technique for the manner in which a subject is administered food. C3367 Finding C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81271 Multiple Birth Multiple Birth Multiple fetuses birthed live or dead in a single pregnancy regardless of gestational age, and regardless of whether the fetuses were birthed on different dates. C25742 Pregnancy C90491 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81282 Dubowitz Score Dubowitz Score Ballard/Dubowitz Score The numerical value that represents a clinical assessment of neurological and physical criteria, performed between birth and five days of age, to determine an infant's gestational age and maturity. C118807 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81283 Red Reflex Test Red Reflex Test Red Reflex Vision Test An optic examination in which an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope is placed approximately 30cm from the eye to visualize whether a reddish hue is reflected from the retina. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81290 Shoulder Dystocia Shoulder Dystocia A birth complication caused by impaction of the anterior shoulder against the maternal symphysis pubis that requires additional maneuvers to relieve impaction of the fetal shoulder and allow for delivery. C81236 Birth Complication C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81298 Total Body Length Total Body Length The total linear extent of the body. C25334 Length C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81300 Vacuum Assisted Vaginal Delivery Vacuum Assisted Vaginal Delivery Application of a vacuum device to the fetal head to facilitate vaginal birth. C81301 Vaginal Assisted Delivery C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81301 Vaginal Assisted Delivery Vaginal Assisted Delivery Birth of the fetus through the vagina with the application of vacuum or forceps or any other instrument. C81303 Vaginal Delivery C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81302 Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery Vaginal Birth after Caesarean|Vaginal Birth after Cesarean A vaginal birth in a woman with one or more previous cesarean births. (reVITALize) C81303 Vaginal Delivery C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81303 Vaginal Delivery Vaginal Delivery Birth of the fetus through the vagina. C81179 Delivery Procedure C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81305 Bottle Feeding Bottle Feeding Provision of liquid nutrition via a closed container system with a rubber like mouthpiece resembling a nipple. C81267 Feeding Method C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81306 Breathing Effort Score Breathing Effort Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to the assessment of breathing effort by a neonate. 0 = no spontaneous respirations; 1 = slow or irregular respirations or a weak cry; 2 = strong, consistent respirations with a robust cry. C118807 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81309 Heart Rate Score Heart Rate Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to an assessment of the circulatory status of a neonate. 0 = no pulse; 1 = rate less than 100 beats per minute; 2 = rate greater than 100 beats per minute. C35552 Cardiovascular System Finding C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81311 Moro Reflex Moro Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate to loud noise or the feeling of falling. The response is characterized by the infant's arms symmetrically spreading out to the side and then back to the midline, and involuntarily flexing the fingers and toes. C81181 Infant Reflex C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81312 Muscle Tone Score Muscle Tone Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to an assessment of the residual muscle tension of a neonate. 0 = flaccid; 1 = flexion of extremities; 2 = active motion. C118807 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81314 Newborn Behavioral Examination Newborn Behavioral Examination The assessment of behavior in neonates. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81319 Reflex Irritability Score Reflex Irritability Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to the neonate's response to stimuli, such as a mild pinch. 0 = no reaction; 1 = grimace; 2 = grimace with a cough, sneeze, or vigorous cry. C118807 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81320 Rooting Reflex Rooting Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate to search for the nipple when the cheek is touched. C81181 Infant Reflex C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81321 Skin Color Score Skin Color Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to an assessment of the color of the skin of a neonate. 0 = pale blue; 1 = pink body and pale blue extremities; 2 = pink body and extremities. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81323 Sucking Reflex Sucking Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate when a nipple is placed on an infant's lips. C81181 Infant Reflex C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C81324 Tonic Neck Reflex Tonic Neck Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate in which the arm extends to follow the infant's gaze, while the opposing arm and leg flex inward. C81181 Infant Reflex C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C84641 Clubfoot Clubfoot The most common congenital deformation of the foot, occurring in 1 of 1,000 live births. The most common form is talipes equinovarus, where the deformed foot is turned downward and inward sharply. C84978 Osteochondrodysplasia|Skeletal Dysplasia C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C84749 Newborn Examination Newborn Examination A general assessment of the overall health of a newborn. C90341 Pediatric Intervention or Procedure C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C84750 HELLP Syndrome HELLP Syndrome Severe preeclampsia associated with any of the following findings: thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000 per microliter), impaired liver function (twice normal elevation of hepatic transaminases; severe, persistent right upper quadrant or epigastric pain), progressive renal insufficiency (serum creatinine greater than 1.1 mg/dL or doubling of baseline in the absence of other renal disease), pulmonary edema, or new-onset cerebral or visual disturbances. C85021 Preeclampsia C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C85021 Preeclampsia Preeclampsia A systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher on two occasions at least 4 hours apart (or greater than or equal to 160/110 mmHg within a short interval) after 20 weeks of gestation in a woman with previously normal blood pressure. It may present with proteinuria but if not, it may be associated with thrombocytopenia, impaired liver function, progressive renal insufficiency, pulmonary edema, or new-onset cerebral or visual disturbances. C4371 Gestational Hypertension C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87067 Caput Succedaneum Caput Succedaneum A diffuse swelling of the scalp in a newborn, usually caused by the trauma of the scalp pushing through a narrowed cervix during birth. The swelling may extend across the midline of the scalp and may exhibit discoloration or bruising. C81236 Birth Complication C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87068 Male Circumcision Male Circumcision Circumcision Surgical removal of the penile foreskin. C15329 C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87070 Hypotonia Hypotonia A condition of decreased tone of the skeletal muscles and diminished resistance to passive stretching. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87073 Excessive Sucking Excessive Sucking A symptom of gastrointestinal dysfunction seen in neonates who have been exposed to drugs during pregnancy; often accompanied by excessive sucking of fists, fingers and thumbs. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87077 Congenital Ankyloblepharon Congenital Ankyloblepharon Fused Eyelid A congenital abnormality in which the margins of the upper and lower eyelids are fused together by bands of tissue. C99208 Eye Finding C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87084 Hyperemesis Gravidarum Hyperemesis Gravidarum Severe, intractable vomiting during pregnancy (usually the first trimester) accompanied by dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. C34941 Pregnancy Complication C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87085 Hypertonia Hypertonia A condition of increased muscle tone manifested by increased resistance of the muscle to passive stretching. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87092 Large for Gestational Age Large for Gestational Age A fetus or infant who is larger than expected for the age or gender, or who has a birth weight greater than the 90th percentile. C92711 Fetal Finding C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87093 Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Meconium Aspiration Syndrome A serious condition in which a newborn breathes a mixture of meconium (the first intestinal discharge) and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 5-10 percent of births and typically occurs when the infant is stressed, as when the infant is past its due date. C97173 Congenital Respiratory System Disorder C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87095 Mottling Mottling Irregularly shaped, patchy discolorations in the skin. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87101 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following antenatal exposure to drugs including opioids, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. C101321 Neonatal Drug Withdrawal C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87111 Poor Feeding Poor Feeding Occurs either when an infant shows no interest in feeding or when there is an inability to take in adequate nutrition. Poor feeding is a nonspecific symptom of many disorders, including neurological, genetic, structural, metabolic, and infectious diseases. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87113 Premature Rupture of Membrane Premature Rupture of Membranes PROM Spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes that occurs before the onset of labor. If rupture occurs before 37 weeks of gestation then the correct diagnosis is preterm premature rupture of membranes. C34941 Pregnancy Complication C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87118 Sacral Dimple Sacral Dimple A small hollow area or sinus present at birth and located just above the crease of the buttocks. In most cases, pilonidal dimples are benign and may just be accompanied by increased hair growth in the area. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87126 Umbilical Cord Prolapse Umbilical Cord Prolapse Prolapsed Cord A situation in which the umbilical cord is ahead of the presenting fetal part. If the cord becomes compressed it may cut off the flow of blood to the baby. C81236 Birth Complication C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87127 Vasa Previa Vasa Previa Umbilical blood vessels that have inserted into the amniotic membrane (membranous insertion) that in turn are above or adjacent to the cervical os and are at risk of rupture. C81236 Birth Complication C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87167 Eclampsia Eclampsia A potentially life-threatening pregnancy-related disorder characterized by tonic-clonic seizures in association with hypertension after the twentieth week of gestation and up to six weeks postpartum and in the absence of other potential causes of seizures. C35169 Pregnancy Disorder C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87168 Group B Streptococcal Infection Group B Streptococcal Infection Group B Streptococcus, also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, colonizes the vaginal and gastrointestinal tracts of up to 45% of healthy women and may infect neonates in utero or during delivery, causing neonatal sepsis in 1-2% of colonized neonates. GBS infection may also occur in nonpregnant (particularly elderly) adults with underlying medical conditions, presenting as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, or soft-tissue infection. C2890 Bacterial Disease C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C87169 High Pitched Cry High Pitched Cry An abnormally shrill or screeching vocalization made by infants that could possibly indicate the presence of one of an array of medical conditions or congenital syndromes. C100104 Sign or Symptom C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89333 Term Infant Term Infant Full Term Neonate A newborn infant greater than or equal to 37 weeks, 0 days and less than or equal to 41 weeks, 6 days gestational age. C16731 Newborn C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89343 Finnegan Score Measurement Finnegan Score Measurement A tool to evaluate neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), that measures the degree to which a neonate is experiencing symptoms of withdrawal due to maternal substance abuse. C89515 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Assessment C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89512 Barlow's Maneuver Barlow's Maneuver Useful in assessing for developmental dysplasia of the hip, this test is performed when the thigh is pushed posteriorly and the hip is adducted. Should the hip become dislocated by this movement, the result is considered positive. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89513 Heel to Ear Measurement Heel to Ear Measurement Useful in assessing neonatal neuromuscular development, this is obtained when the infant is placed in a supine position and the infant's feet are grasped pulled toward the ipsilateral ears. The examiner measures the angle made by the arc from the table to the infant's heels; increased angle for age suggests hypotonia, and decreased angle for age suggests hypertonia. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89515 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Assessment Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Assessment The measurement of the degree to which a neonate is experiencing symptoms of withdrawal due to maternal substance abuse; the score can be used to determine subsequent treatment of the infant. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89516 Neuromuscular Maturity Assessment Neuromuscular Maturity Assessment A neuromuscular examination of a newborn's developmental characteristics. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89517 Ortolani Maneuver Ortolani Maneuver When testing for congenital dislocation of the hip, this is the result obtained when the examiner gently abducts the hip while pushing upward on the greater trochanter. If the hip is dislocated, it will relocate with an audible clunk, which is a positive result for this test. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89518 Physical Maturity Assessment Physical Maturity Assessment A physical examination of a newborn's developmental characteristics. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89519 Popliteal Angle Measurement Popliteal Angle Measurement An examination whereby the patient is placed supine, the hip is flexed 90 degrees, and the knee is extended until firm resistance is met. The popliteal angle is the angle from the tibia to the femur. This measurement is used to assess hamstring contracture in children with cerebral palsy. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89520 Square Window Square Window When testing the newborn infant for neuromuscular maturity, the "square window" test measures wrist flexibility and resistance to extensor stretching, The examiner straightens the infant's fingers and applies gentle pressure on the dorsum of the hand, close to the fingers, and then estimates the angle between the palm of the hand and the forearm. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C89521 Scarf Sign Scarf Sign When testing the newborn infant for neuromuscular maturity, the "scarf sign" test is carried out by drawing the newborn's arm across the chest to the opposite shoulder until resistance is felt. In term infants, the elbow should not cross the midline of the chest. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C9011 Dermoid Cyst Dermoid Cyst A mature teratoma characterized by the presence of a cyst which is lined by mature tissue resembling the epidermis and the epidermal appendages. It occurs in the ovary, testis, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system and skin. C2978 Cyst C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C90497 Galeazzi Test Galeazzi Test An assessment for developmental dysplasia of the hip or a leg-length discrepancy, the patient is placed in a supine position and the ankles are brought to the buttocks with the hips and knees flexed. The result is considered positive when the knees are at different heights. C84749 Newborn Examination C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C94835 Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery Normal Delivery Birth of the fetus through the vagina without the application of vacuum or forceps or any other instrument. (adapted from reVITALize) C81303 Vaginal Delivery C89506 NICHD Newborn Screening Terminology C C101304 Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn A disorder of the fetus or newborn that occurs when fetal cells that are coated with IgG alloantibodies from the mother attack antigens inherited from the father. Severity can range from absence of symptoms to death. C3092 Hemoglobinopathy C98996 Neonatal Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C114476 Allergic Reaction Allergic Reaction An immune response that occurs following re-exposure to an innocuous antigen, and that requires the presence of existing antibodies against that antigen. This response involves the binding of IgE to mast cells, and may worsen with repeated exposures. C3507 Immune System Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C25215 Karyotype Karyotype The assessment of the chromosomal morphology and number in somatic cells of an individual. C15709 Genetic Testing C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C25596 Breast Feeding Breast Feeding The nursing of an infant at the mother's breast. C16326 Behavior C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C26739 Sensorineural Hearing Loss Sensorineural Hearing Loss Hearing loss resulting from damage to the cochlea, auditory nerve and/or brainstem. C35731 Hearing Loss C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C26828 Meningitis Meningitis A disorder characterized by acute inflammation of the meninges of the brain and/or spinal cord. C27582 Central Nervous System Infectious Disease C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C26920 Encephalopathy Encephalopathy A functional and/or structural disorder of the brain caused by diseases (e.g. liver disease, kidney disease), medications, chemicals, and injuries. C96413 Brain Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C26974 Mixed Hearing Loss Mixed Hearing Loss Hearing loss characterized by a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. It is caused by problems in both the inner ear and middle or outer ear. C35731 Hearing Loss C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C27644 Deafness Deafness An inherited or acquired condition characterized by the inability to hear in one or both ears. C35731 Hearing Loss C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C27645 Conductive Hearing Loss Conductive Hearing Loss Hearing loss caused by impaired transmission of signals from the external auditory canal or middle ear to the cochlea. C35731 Hearing Loss C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C2849 Congenital Abnormality Congenital Abnormality Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period. C36287 C89328 Pediatric Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C2881 Arrhythmia Arrhythmia Cardiac Arrhythmia Any variation from the normal rate or rhythm (which may include the origin of the impulse and/or its subsequent propagation) in the heart. Cardiac Arrhythmias are heart-rhythm problems - they occur when the electrical impulses to the heart that coordinate heartbeats are not working properly, making the heart beat too fast/slow or inconsistently. C78245 Cardiac Conduction Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C2962 Seizure Seizure Sudden, involuntary skeletal muscular contractions of cerebral or brain stem origin. C87124 Central Nervous System Signs and Symptoms C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C2987 Diarrhea Diarrhea Watery bowel movements. C3368 Gastrointestinal System Signs and Symptoms C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3020 Seizure Disorder Seizure Disorder Epilepsy A brain disorder characterized by episodes of abnormally increased neuronal discharge resulting in transient episodes of sensory or motor neurological dysfunction, or psychic dysfunction. These episodes may or may not be associated with loss of consciousness or convulsions. C96413 Brain Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3038 Fever Fever Elevation of body temperature above normal due to inflammatory or immune responses. C50589 Hyperthermia C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3085 Hemangioma Hemangioma A benign vascular neoplasm characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels. C3262 Neoplasm C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3117 Hypertension Hypertension Hypertensive Disorder Blood pressure that is abnormally high. C2931 Cardiovascular Disorder C35552 Cardiovascular System Finding C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3303 Pain Pain The sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony, resulting from the stimulation of specialized nerve endings. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3333 Pneumonia Pneumonia An acute, acute and chronic, or chronic inflammation focally or diffusely affecting the lung parenchyma, due to infections (viruses, fungi, mycoplasma, or bacteria), treatment (e.g. radiation), or exposure (inhalation) to chemicals. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, fevers, chills, chest pain, headache, sweating, and weakness. C3198 Lung Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3364 Septicemia Sepsis The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood stream causing a rapidly progressing systemic reaction that may lead to shock. Symptoms include fever, chills, tachycardia, and increased respiratory rate. It is a medical emergency that requires urgent medical attention. C2890 Bacterial Disease C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3442 Vomiting Vomiting Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34440 Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge-eating over which the individual feels a lack of control; these episodes of binge-eating are followed by recurrent compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, usually self-induced vomiting. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body image. C89332 Eating Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34460 Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain. C26835 Nervous System Disorder C89328 Pediatric Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34599 Excoriation Excoriation Self-inflicted tearing or wearing off of skin. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34632 Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting. C2990 Gastrointestinal Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34662 Central Hearing Loss Central Hearing Loss Hearing loss resulting from disorders of the central nervous system auditory pathways. C35731 Hearing Loss C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34724 Low Birth Weight Low Birth Weight A birth weight that is less than 2500 grams. C76325 Birth Weight C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34781 Spastic Diplegia Spastic Diplegia A type of cerebral palsy characterized by spasticity and hypertonia of the lower extremities bilaterally, particularly the legs, hips, and pelvis; this is the most common (70%) form of cerebral palsy. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34797 Malaria Malaria A protozoan infection caused by the genus Plasmodium. There are four species of Plasmodium that can infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae. It is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. Signs and symptoms include paroxysmal high fever, sweating, chills, and anemia. C27864 Parasitic Infection C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C34982 Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy characterized by neovascularization, scarring, retinal detachment, and eventually blindness. It may be mild or severe. It occurs in babies born prematurely. Causes include oxygen toxicity and hypoxia. C98996 Neonatal Disorder C62601 Retinopathy C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C35078 Tourette Syndrome Tourette Syndrome Tourette's Syndrome A neurologic disorder caused by defective metabolism of the neurotransmitters in the brain. It is characterized by repeated involuntary movements (motor tics) and uncontrollable vocal sounds (vocal tics). The symptoms are usually manifested before the age of eighteen. C96412 Brain Development Abnormality C116757 Movement Disorders C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C35731 Hearing Loss Hearing Loss A partial or complete loss of hearing in one or both ears. It is classified as conductive, sensory, or central. C63711 Sensory Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C37928 Confusion Confusion A mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior. C87124 Central Nervous System Signs and Symptoms C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C38038 Tremor Tremor The shaking movement of the whole body or just a certain part of it, often caused by problems of the neurons responsible for muscle action. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C3890 Hypoxia Hypoxia A decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body. Symptoms range from mild (impaired judgment, memory loss, impaired motor coordination) to severe (seizures and coma). C45233 Respiratory System Finding C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C39594 Skin Rash Skin Rash Any change in the skin which affects its appearance or texture. A rash may be localized to one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C46088 Cesarean Section Cesarean Section C-Section|Caesarean Section Surgical delivery of one or more intrauterine fetuses though an abdominal incision. C81179 Delivery Procedure C90491 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C49642 Preterm Infant Preterm Infant Preterm Newborn Infant A newborn infant less than 37 weeks, 0 days gestational age. C16731 Newborn C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C50484 Cephalohematoma Cephalohematoma Cephalhematoma A subperiosteal hemorrhage limited to the surface of one cranial bone, a usually benign condition seen in the newborn as a result of bone trauma. C81236 Birth Complication C92719 Fetal Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C50589 Hyperthermia Hyperthermia A condition characterized by an abnormally high body temperature. In a hyperthermic state, the hypothalamic set-point is normal but body temperature increases and overrides the ability to lose heat, resulting from exogenous heat exposure or endogenous heat production. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C50685 Pallor Pallor An unusual or extreme paleness, state of decreased skin or mucosal coloration. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C50746 Sneezing Sneezing A symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C73437 Apgar Score Apgar Score APGAR Score The numerical sum between zero and ten that is computed from individual values of zero to two that are assigned to five different areas of interest in newborn screenings. These areas are breathing, muscle tone, pulse rate, reflex irritability and skin color. C118807 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C76325 Birth Weight Birth Weight The first weight of a newborn obtained after birth. C81328 Body Weight C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C78500 Nasal Congestion Nasal Congestion The blockage of the nasal passage due to mucosal edema. It is usually the result of a viral infection or an allergic reaction. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C78718 Wheezing Wheezing A symptom and a finding during physical examination, characterized by a high-pitched, whistling sound during breathing. It results from the narrowing or obstruction of the respiratory airways. The most common causes of wheezing are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tracheobronchitis, and pulmonary edema. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81178 Newborn Screening Newborn Screening A specific type of newborn examination performed to allow for early detection of disease(s) and/or disorder(s). C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81181 Infant Reflex Infant Reflex Primitive reflex actions that newborns display in response to specific stimuli. These reflexes are involuntary and most disappear as the infant matures. C118807 C78342 Reflex C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81238 Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale An assessment tool created by Dr. T. Berry Brazelton and his colleagues to assist caregivers in determining developmental strengths and weaknesses in infants from birth to the age of two months. C81314 Newborn Behavioral Examination|Newborn Behavorial Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81242 Crown to Rump Length Measurement Crown to Rump Length Measurement A measurement from the high prominence of the head to the low prominence of the buttocks of a fetus or embryo during ultrasound. This measurement is useful in determining gestational age. C81253 Gestational Age|Gestational Weeks Assessment C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81247 Expected Date of Confinement Expected Date of Confinement The best estimated due date is determined by: last menstrual period (LMP) if confirmed by early ultrasound or no ultrasound performed, or early ultrasound if no known LMP or the ultrasound is not consistent with LMP, or known date of fertilization (e.g. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)). Notes: 1. Ultrasound margin of error and "early" to be defined by SMFM/ACOG/NICHD workshop. 2. Pregnancy should not be re-dated by a later ultrasound after a best obstetrical estimate of EDD has been established. (adapted from reVITALize) C25164 Date C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81248 Forceps Delivery Forceps Delivery Application of forceps to the fetal head to facilitate vaginal birth. C81301 Vaginal Assisted Delivery C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81253 Gestational Weeks Assessment Gestational Weeks Assessment Gestational age (written with both weeks and days, e.g. 39 weeks and 0 days) is calculated using the best obstetrical estimated due date (EDD) based on the following formula: Gestational Age = (280 - (EDD - Reference Date))/ 7. Note: Reference Date is the date on which you are trying to determine gestational age. (reVITALize) C89335 Life Stage C90341 Pediatric Intervention or Procedure C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81254 Grasp Reflex Grasp Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate to grasp the fingers when their palm is touched. This reflex is present until six months of age. C81181 Infant Reflex C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81255 Head Circumference Head Circumference A circumferential measurement of the head at the widest point, which is traditionally above the eyebrows. C25334 Length C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81267 Feeding Method Feeding Method A description of the technique for the manner in which a subject is administered food. C3367 Finding C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81271 Multiple Birth Multiple Birth Multiple fetuses birthed live or dead in a single pregnancy regardless of gestational age, and regardless of whether the fetuses were birthed on different dates. C25742 Pregnancy C90491 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81282 Dubowitz Score Dubowitz Score Ballard/Dubowitz Score The numerical value that represents a clinical assessment of neurological and physical criteria, performed between birth and five days of age, to determine an infant's gestational age and maturity. C118807 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81283 Red Reflex Test Red Reflex Test Red Reflex Vision Test An optic examination in which an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope is placed approximately 30cm from the eye to visualize whether a reddish hue is reflected from the retina. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81290 Shoulder Dystocia Shoulder Dystocia A birth complication caused by impaction of the anterior shoulder against the maternal symphysis pubis that requires additional maneuvers to relieve impaction of the fetal shoulder and allow for delivery. C81236 Birth Complication C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81298 Total Body Length Total Body Length The total linear extent of the body. C25334 Length C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81300 Vacuum Assisted Vaginal Delivery Vacuum Assisted Vaginal Delivery Application of a vacuum device to the fetal head to facilitate vaginal birth. C81301 Vaginal Assisted Delivery C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81301 Vaginal Assisted Delivery Vaginal Assisted Delivery Birth of the fetus through the vagina with the application of vacuum or forceps or any other instrument. C81303 Vaginal Delivery C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81302 Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery Vaginal Birth after Caesarean|Vaginal Birth after Cesarean A vaginal birth in a woman with one or more previous cesarean births. (reVITALize) C81303 Vaginal Delivery C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81303 Vaginal Delivery Vaginal Delivery Birth of the fetus through the vagina. C81179 Delivery Procedure C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81305 Bottle Feeding Bottle Feeding Provision of liquid nutrition via a closed container system with a rubber like mouthpiece resembling a nipple. C81267 Feeding Method C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81306 Breathing Effort Score Breathing Effort Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to the assessment of breathing effort by a neonate. 0 = no spontaneous respirations; 1 = slow or irregular respirations or a weak cry; 2 = strong, consistent respirations with a robust cry. C118807 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81309 Heart Rate Score Heart Rate Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to an assessment of the circulatory status of a neonate. 0 = no pulse; 1 = rate less than 100 beats per minute; 2 = rate greater than 100 beats per minute. C35552 Cardiovascular System Finding C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81311 Moro Reflex Moro Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate to loud noise or the feeling of falling. The response is characterized by the infant's arms symmetrically spreading out to the side and then back to the midline, and involuntarily flexing the fingers and toes. C81181 Infant Reflex C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81312 Muscle Tone Score Muscle Tone Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to an assessment of the residual muscle tension of a neonate. 0 = flaccid; 1 = flexion of extremities; 2 = active motion. C118807 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81314 Newborn Behavioral Examination Newborn Behavioral Examination The assessment of behavior in neonates. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81319 Reflex Irritability Score Reflex Irritability Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to the neonate's response to stimuli, such as a mild pinch. 0 = no reaction; 1 = grimace; 2 = grimace with a cough, sneeze, or vigorous cry. C118807 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81320 Rooting Reflex Rooting Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate to search for the nipple when the cheek is touched. C81181 Infant Reflex C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81321 Skin Color Score Skin Color Score A component of the Apgar score, it is the numerical value assigned to an assessment of the color of the skin of a neonate. 0 = pale blue; 1 = pink body and pale blue extremities; 2 = pink body and extremities. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81323 Sucking Reflex Sucking Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate when a nipple is placed on an infant's lips. C81181 Infant Reflex C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C81324 Tonic Neck Reflex Tonic Neck Reflex An involuntary, primal response in the neonate in which the arm extends to follow the infant's gaze, while the opposing arm and leg flex inward. C81181 Infant Reflex C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C84392 Mental Retardation Mental Retardation A developmental disorder characterized by less than average intelligence and significant limitations in adaptive behavior with onset before the age of 18. C92190 Pediatric Psychiatric Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C84479 Thrombophilia Thrombophilia A condition characterized by an abnormally high level of thrombi. Causes include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bone marrow disorders, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. C2902 Coagulation Defect|Coagulopathy C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C84641 Clubfoot Clubfoot The most common congenital deformation of the foot, occurring in 1 of 1,000 live births. The most common form is talipes equinovarus, where the deformed foot is turned downward and inward sharply. C84978 Osteochondrodysplasia|Skeletal Dysplasia C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C84749 Newborn Examination Newborn Examination A general assessment of the overall health of a newborn. C90341 Pediatric Intervention or Procedure C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C84750 HELLP Syndrome HELLP Syndrome Severe preeclampsia associated with any of the following findings: thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000 per microliter), impaired liver function (twice normal elevation of hepatic transaminases; severe, persistent right upper quadrant or epigastric pain), progressive renal insufficiency (serum creatinine greater than 1.1 mg/dL or doubling of baseline in the absence of other renal disease), pulmonary edema, or new-onset cerebral or visual disturbances. C85021 Preeclampsia C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C85021 Preeclampsia Preeclampsia A systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher on two occasions at least 4 hours apart (or greater than or equal to 160/110 mmHg within a short interval) after 20 weeks of gestation in a woman with previously normal blood pressure. It may present with proteinuria but if not, it may be associated with thrombocytopenia, impaired liver function, progressive renal insufficiency, pulmonary edema, or new-onset cerebral or visual disturbances. C4371 Gestational Hypertension C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87067 Caput Succedaneum Caput Succedaneum A diffuse swelling of the scalp in a newborn, usually caused by the trauma of the scalp pushing through a narrowed cervix during birth. The swelling may extend across the midline of the scalp and may exhibit discoloration or bruising. C81236 Birth Complication C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87068 Male Circumcision Male Circumcision Circumcision Surgical removal of the penile foreskin. C15329 C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87070 Hypotonia Hypotonia A condition of decreased tone of the skeletal muscles and diminished resistance to passive stretching. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87073 Excessive Sucking Excessive Sucking A symptom of gastrointestinal dysfunction seen in neonates who have been exposed to drugs during pregnancy; often accompanied by excessive sucking of fists, fingers and thumbs. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87077 Congenital Ankyloblepharon Congenital Ankyloblepharon Fused Eyelid A congenital abnormality in which the margins of the upper and lower eyelids are fused together by bands of tissue. C99208 Eye Finding C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87084 Hyperemesis Gravidarum Hyperemesis Gravidarum Severe, intractable vomiting during pregnancy (usually the first trimester) accompanied by dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. C34941 Pregnancy Complication C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87085 Hypertonia Hypertonia A condition of increased muscle tone manifested by increased resistance of the muscle to passive stretching. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87092 Large for Gestational Age Large for Gestational Age A fetus or infant who is larger than expected for the age or gender, or who has a birth weight greater than the 90th percentile. C92711 Fetal Finding C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87093 Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Meconium Aspiration Syndrome A serious condition in which a newborn breathes a mixture of meconium (the first intestinal discharge) and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 5-10 percent of births and typically occurs when the infant is stressed, as when the infant is past its due date. C97173 Congenital Respiratory System Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87095 Mottling Mottling Irregularly shaped, patchy discolorations in the skin. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87101 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following antenatal exposure to drugs including opioids, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. C101321 Neonatal Drug Withdrawal C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87111 Poor Feeding Poor Feeding Occurs either when an infant shows no interest in feeding or when there is an inability to take in adequate nutrition. Poor feeding is a nonspecific symptom of many disorders, including neurological, genetic, structural, metabolic, and infectious diseases. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87113 Premature Rupture of Membrane Premature Rupture of Membranes PROM Spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes that occurs before the onset of labor. If rupture occurs before 37 weeks of gestation then the correct diagnosis is preterm premature rupture of membranes. C34941 Pregnancy Complication C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87118 Sacral Dimple Sacral Dimple A small hollow area or sinus present at birth and located just above the crease of the buttocks. In most cases, pilonidal dimples are benign and may just be accompanied by increased hair growth in the area. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87126 Umbilical Cord Prolapse Umbilical Cord Prolapse Prolapsed Cord A situation in which the umbilical cord is ahead of the presenting fetal part. If the cord becomes compressed it may cut off the flow of blood to the baby. C81236 Birth Complication C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87127 Vasa Previa Vasa Previa Umbilical blood vessels that have inserted into the amniotic membrane (membranous insertion) that in turn are above or adjacent to the cervical os and are at risk of rupture. C81236 Birth Complication C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87167 Eclampsia Eclampsia A potentially life-threatening pregnancy-related disorder characterized by tonic-clonic seizures in association with hypertension after the twentieth week of gestation and up to six weeks postpartum and in the absence of other potential causes of seizures. C35169 Pregnancy Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87168 Group B Streptococcal Infection Group B Streptococcal Infection Group B Streptococcus, also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, colonizes the vaginal and gastrointestinal tracts of up to 45% of healthy women and may infect neonates in utero or during delivery, causing neonatal sepsis in 1-2% of colonized neonates. GBS infection may also occur in nonpregnant (particularly elderly) adults with underlying medical conditions, presenting as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, or soft-tissue infection. C2890 Bacterial Disease C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C87169 High Pitched Cry High Pitched Cry An abnormally shrill or screeching vocalization made by infants that could possibly indicate the presence of one of an array of medical conditions or congenital syndromes. C100104 Sign or Symptom C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C88412 Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder A spectrum of developmental disorders that includes autism, Asperger syndrome, and Rett syndrome. Signs and symptoms include poor communication skills, defective social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. C97179 Pervasive Developmental Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89333 Term Infant Term Infant Full Term Neonate A newborn infant greater than or equal to 37 weeks, 0 days and less than or equal to 41 weeks, 6 days gestational age. C16731 Newborn C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89338 Neurodevelopmental Disorder Neurodevelopmental Disorder A childhood disorder that has a neurological basis and manifests as a developmental disability. C89330 Developmental Disorder C26835 Nervous System Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89343 Finnegan Score Measurement Finnegan Score Measurement A tool to evaluate neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), that measures the degree to which a neonate is experiencing symptoms of withdrawal due to maternal substance abuse. C89515 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Assessment C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89512 Barlow's Maneuver Barlow's Maneuver Useful in assessing for developmental dysplasia of the hip, this test is performed when the thigh is pushed posteriorly and the hip is adducted. Should the hip become dislocated by this movement, the result is considered positive. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89513 Heel to Ear Measurement Heel to Ear Measurement Useful in assessing neonatal neuromuscular development, this is obtained when the infant is placed in a supine position and the infant's feet are grasped pulled toward the ipsilateral ears. The examiner measures the angle made by the arc from the table to the infant's heels; increased angle for age suggests hypotonia, and decreased angle for age suggests hypertonia. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89515 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Assessment Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Assessment The measurement of the degree to which a neonate is experiencing symptoms of withdrawal due to maternal substance abuse; the score can be used to determine subsequent treatment of the infant. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89516 Neuromuscular Maturity Assessment Neuromuscular Maturity Assessment A neuromuscular examination of a newborn's developmental characteristics. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89517 Ortolani Maneuver Ortolani Maneuver When testing for congenital dislocation of the hip, this is the result obtained when the examiner gently abducts the hip while pushing upward on the greater trochanter. If the hip is dislocated, it will relocate with an audible clunk, which is a positive result for this test. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89518 Physical Maturity Assessment Physical Maturity Assessment A physical examination of a newborn's developmental characteristics. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89519 Popliteal Angle Measurement Popliteal Angle Measurement An examination whereby the patient is placed supine, the hip is flexed 90 degrees, and the knee is extended until firm resistance is met. The popliteal angle is the angle from the tibia to the femur. This measurement is used to assess hamstring contracture in children with cerebral palsy. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89520 Square Window Square Window When testing the newborn infant for neuromuscular maturity, the "square window" test measures wrist flexibility and resistance to extensor stretching, The examiner straightens the infant's fingers and applies gentle pressure on the dorsum of the hand, close to the fingers, and then estimates the angle between the palm of the hand and the forearm. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C89521 Scarf Sign Scarf Sign When testing the newborn infant for neuromuscular maturity, the "scarf sign" test is carried out by drawing the newborn's arm across the chest to the opposite shoulder until resistance is felt. In term infants, the elbow should not cross the midline of the chest. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C9011 Dermoid Cyst Dermoid Cyst A mature teratoma characterized by the presence of a cyst which is lined by mature tissue resembling the epidermis and the epidermal appendages. It occurs in the ovary, testis, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system and skin. C2978 Cyst C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C90497 Galeazzi Test Galeazzi Test An assessment for developmental dysplasia of the hip or a leg-length discrepancy, the patient is placed in a supine position and the ankles are brought to the buttocks with the hips and knees flexed. The result is considered positive when the knees are at different heights. C84749 Newborn Examination C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C92561 Developmental Coordination Disorder Developmental Coordination Disorder Developmental Dyspraxia A disorder characterized by an impairment in the development of an individual's motor coordination skills; this impairment in motor development is not due to a medical condition. C89338 Neurodevelopmental Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C94835 Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery Normal Delivery Birth of the fetus through the vagina without the application of vacuum or forceps or any other instrument. (adapted from reVITALize) C81303 Vaginal Delivery C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97109 Blindness Blindness The lack of vision. It is caused by neurological or physiological factors. C35126 Vision Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97160 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A disorder characterized by a marked pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is inconsistent with developmental level and clearly interferes with functioning in at least two settings (e.g. at home and at school). At least some of the symptoms must be present before the age of 7 years. C35470 Behavioral Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97161 Autism Autism A disorder characterized by marked impairments in social interaction and communication accompanied by a pattern of repetitive, stereotyped behaviors and activities. Developmental delays in social interaction and language surface prior to age 3 years. C88412 Autism Spectrum Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97162 Binge Eating Binge Eating Recurrent episodes of over-eating. C89332 Eating Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97164 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder A pediatric disorder characterized by normal development for at least the first two years of life followed by a severe regression in language, social interaction, bowel or bladder control, and/or motor skills. The affected individual may also exhibit repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior similar to autism. C92190 Pediatric Psychiatric Disorder C97179 Pervasive Developmental Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97166 Echolalia Echolalia A symptom of neurologic or psychiatric dysfunction in which the individual involuntarily and meaninglessly repeats a recently heard word, series of words, or a song. C97170 Central Auditory Processing Disorder C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97168 Ataxic Cerebral Palsy Ataxic Cerebral Palsy The least common subtype of cerebral palsy, in which the individual displays hypotonia, a loss of motor coordination, and an intention tremor. Individuals with ataxic cerebral palsy walk very unsteadily, with a wide-based gait. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97169 Athetoid Cerebral Palsy Athetoid Cerebral Palsy A subtype of cerebral palsy characterized by involuntary, purposeless writhing movements which affect the hands, feet, arms, and legs; the face and tongue may be affected as well, leading to involuntary grimacing, drooling, dysarthria and difficulty eating. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97177 Mixed Cerebral Palsy Mixed Cerebral Palsy A subtype of cerebral palsy characterized by both the tight muscle tone of spastic cerebral palsy and the writhing, involuntary muscle movements of athetoid cerebral palsy. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C114476 Allergic Reaction Allergic Reaction An immune response that occurs following re-exposure to an innocuous antigen, and that requires the presence of existing antibodies against that antigen. This response involves the binding of IgE to mast cells, and may worsen with repeated exposures. C3507 Immune System Disorder C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C26828 Meningitis Meningitis A disorder characterized by acute inflammation of the meninges of the brain and/or spinal cord. C27582 Central Nervous System Infectious Disease C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C27644 Deafness Deafness An inherited or acquired condition characterized by the inability to hear in one or both ears. C35731 Hearing Loss C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C2987 Diarrhea Diarrhea Watery bowel movements. C3368 Gastrointestinal System Signs and Symptoms C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C3038 Fever Fever Elevation of body temperature above normal due to inflammatory or immune responses. C50589 Hyperthermia C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C3303 Pain Pain The sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony, resulting from the stimulation of specialized nerve endings. C100104 Sign or Symptom C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C3333 Pneumonia Pneumonia An acute, acute and chronic, or chronic inflammation focally or diffusely affecting the lung parenchyma, due to infections (viruses, fungi, mycoplasma, or bacteria), treatment (e.g. radiation), or exposure (inhalation) to chemicals. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, fevers, chills, chest pain, headache, sweating, and weakness. C3198 Lung Disorder C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C3442 Vomiting Vomiting Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. C100104 Sign or Symptom C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C34797 Malaria Malaria A protozoan infection caused by the genus Plasmodium. There are four species of Plasmodium that can infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae. It is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. Signs and symptoms include paroxysmal high fever, sweating, chills, and anemia. C27864 Parasitic Infection C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C37928 Confusion Confusion A mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior. C87124 Central Nervous System Signs and Symptoms C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C39594 Skin Rash Skin Rash Any change in the skin which affects its appearance or texture. A rash may be localized to one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. C36281 Integumentary System Finding C100104 Sign or Symptom C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C84392 Mental Retardation Mental Retardation A developmental disorder characterized by less than average intelligence and significant limitations in adaptive behavior with onset before the age of 18. C92190 Pediatric Psychiatric Disorder C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C9011 Dermoid Cyst Dermoid Cyst A mature teratoma characterized by the presence of a cyst which is lined by mature tissue resembling the epidermis and the epidermal appendages. It occurs in the ovary, testis, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system and skin. C2978 Cyst C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C26739 Sensorineural Hearing Loss Sensorineural Hearing Loss Hearing loss resulting from damage to the cochlea, auditory nerve and/or brainstem. C35731 Hearing Loss C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C26920 Encephalopathy Encephalopathy A functional and/or structural disorder of the brain caused by diseases (e.g. liver disease, kidney disease), medications, chemicals, and injuries. C96413 Brain Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C26974 Mixed Hearing Loss Mixed Hearing Loss Hearing loss characterized by a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. It is caused by problems in both the inner ear and middle or outer ear. C35731 Hearing Loss C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C27645 Conductive Hearing Loss Conductive Hearing Loss Hearing loss caused by impaired transmission of signals from the external auditory canal or middle ear to the cochlea. C35731 Hearing Loss C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C2962 Seizure Seizure Sudden, involuntary skeletal muscular contractions of cerebral or brain stem origin. C87124 Central Nervous System Signs and Symptoms C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C3020 Seizure Disorder Seizure Disorder Epilepsy A brain disorder characterized by episodes of abnormally increased neuronal discharge resulting in transient episodes of sensory or motor neurological dysfunction, or psychic dysfunction. These episodes may or may not be associated with loss of consciousness or convulsions. C96413 Brain Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C34440 Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge-eating over which the individual feels a lack of control; these episodes of binge-eating are followed by recurrent compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, usually self-induced vomiting. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body image. C89332 Eating Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C34460 Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain. C26835 Nervous System Disorder C89328 Pediatric Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C34662 Central Hearing Loss Central Hearing Loss Hearing loss resulting from disorders of the central nervous system auditory pathways. C35731 Hearing Loss C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C35078 Tourette Syndrome Tourette Syndrome Tourette's Syndrome A neurologic disorder caused by defective metabolism of the neurotransmitters in the brain. It is characterized by repeated involuntary movements (motor tics) and uncontrollable vocal sounds (vocal tics). The symptoms are usually manifested before the age of eighteen. C96412 Brain Development Abnormality C116757 Movement Disorders C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C35731 Hearing Loss Hearing Loss A partial or complete loss of hearing in one or both ears. It is classified as conductive, sensory, or central. C63711 Sensory Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C84392 Mental Retardation Mental Retardation A developmental disorder characterized by less than average intelligence and significant limitations in adaptive behavior with onset before the age of 18. C92190 Pediatric Psychiatric Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C88412 Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder A spectrum of developmental disorders that includes autism, Asperger syndrome, and Rett syndrome. Signs and symptoms include poor communication skills, defective social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. C97179 Pervasive Developmental Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C92561 Developmental Coordination Disorder Developmental Coordination Disorder Developmental Dyspraxia A disorder characterized by an impairment in the development of an individual's motor coordination skills; this impairment in motor development is not due to a medical condition. C89338 Neurodevelopmental Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97109 Blindness Blindness The lack of vision. It is caused by neurological or physiological factors. C35126 Vision Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97160 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A disorder characterized by a marked pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is inconsistent with developmental level and clearly interferes with functioning in at least two settings (e.g. at home and at school). At least some of the symptoms must be present before the age of 7 years. C35470 Behavioral Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97161 Autism Autism A disorder characterized by marked impairments in social interaction and communication accompanied by a pattern of repetitive, stereotyped behaviors and activities. Developmental delays in social interaction and language surface prior to age 3 years. C88412 Autism Spectrum Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97162 Binge Eating Binge Eating Recurrent episodes of over-eating. C89332 Eating Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97164 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder A pediatric disorder characterized by normal development for at least the first two years of life followed by a severe regression in language, social interaction, bowel or bladder control, and/or motor skills. The affected individual may also exhibit repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior similar to autism. C92190 Pediatric Psychiatric Disorder C97179 Pervasive Developmental Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97166 Echolalia Echolalia A symptom of neurologic or psychiatric dysfunction in which the individual involuntarily and meaninglessly repeats a recently heard word, series of words, or a song. C97170 Central Auditory Processing Disorder C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97168 Ataxic Cerebral Palsy Ataxic Cerebral Palsy The least common subtype of cerebral palsy, in which the individual displays hypotonia, a loss of motor coordination, and an intention tremor. Individuals with ataxic cerebral palsy walk very unsteadily, with a wide-based gait. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97169 Athetoid Cerebral Palsy Athetoid Cerebral Palsy A subtype of cerebral palsy characterized by involuntary, purposeless writhing movements which affect the hands, feet, arms, and legs; the face and tongue may be affected as well, leading to involuntary grimacing, drooling, dysarthria and difficulty eating. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97177 Mixed Cerebral Palsy Mixed Cerebral Palsy A subtype of cerebral palsy characterized by both the tight muscle tone of spastic cerebral palsy and the writhing, involuntary muscle movements of athetoid cerebral palsy. C34460 Cerebral Palsy C97150 NICHD Neurological Development Terminology C C97126 Ty21a Typhoid Vaccine Ty21a Typhoid Vaccine A live attenuated bacteria oral vaccine used to prevent typhoid, which is caused by Salmonella typhi. C62761 Attenuated Bacteria Vaccine C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97127 Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine A live attenuated bacteria injectable vaccine used to prevent typhoid, which is caused by Salmonella typhi. C97125 Polysaccharide Vaccine C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C97126 Ty21a Typhoid Vaccine Ty21a Typhoid Vaccine A live attenuated bacteria oral vaccine used to prevent typhoid, which is caused by Salmonella typhi. C62761 Attenuated Bacteria Vaccine C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology C C97127 Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine A live attenuated bacteria injectable vaccine used to prevent typhoid, which is caused by Salmonella typhi. C97125 Polysaccharide Vaccine C96388 NICHD Childhood Immunization Terminology