NCIt Subset Code	NCIt Subset Preferred Term	NCIt Code	NCIt Preferred Term	NCIt Synonym	NCIt Definiton
C138189	CTS-API Disease Broad Category Terminology	C2916	Carcinoma	Carcinoma|Malignant Epithelial Tumor|Epithelial Carcinoma|Malignant Epithelioma|Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm	A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells. Carcinomas that arise from glandular epithelium are called adenocarcinomas, those that arise from squamous epithelium are called squamous cell carcinomas, and those that arise from transitional epithelium are called transitional cell carcinomas. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells may display abnormal mitotic figures, anaplasia, and necrosis. Carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Carcinomas invade the surrounding tissues and tend to metastasize to other anatomic sites. Lung carcinoma, skin carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma are the most frequently seen carcinomas.
C138189	CTS-API Disease Broad Category Terminology	C2991	Disease or Disorder	Diseases|Disorders|Disease or Disorder|Disease|Disorder|Diseases and Disorders	Any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. The term is often used broadly to include injuries, disabilities, syndromes, symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function.
C138189	CTS-API Disease Broad Category Terminology	C3262	Neoplasm	Neoplasm|Neoplasia|Neoplastic Growth	A benign or malignant tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation. Benign neoplastic cells resemble normal cells without exhibiting significant cytologic atypia, while malignant cells exhibit overt signs such as dysplastic features, atypical mitotic figures, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and anaplasia. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include papillomas, cystadenomas, and lipomas; malignant neoplasms include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3167	Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	Lymphoblastic Leukemia|ALL - Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia|Acute Lymphoid Leukemia|Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia|Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia	Leukemia with an acute onset, characterized by the presence of lymphoblasts in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. It includes the acute B lymphoblastic leukemia and acute T lymphoblastic leukemia.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3171	Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Hematopoeitic - Acute Myleogenous Leukemia (AML)|Acute Myeloid Leukemia|Acute Myelogenous Leukemias|Acute Myelogenous Leukemia|Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia|AML - Acute Myeloid Leukemia	A clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, blood or other tissues. The classification of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) encompasses four major categories: 1) AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities; 2) AML with multilineage dysplasia; 3) Therapy-related AML; 4) AML not otherwise specified. The required bone marrow or peripheral blood blast percentage for the diagnosis of AML is 20% (WHO classification).
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9325	Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Adrenal Cortex|Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma|Adrenal Cortical Adenocarcinoma|Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma|Adrenocortical Carcinoma|Adrenal Cortex Cancer|Adrenal Cortex Adenocarcinoma|Carcinoma of the Adrenal Cortex	A rare, usually large (greater than 5cm), malignant epithelial tumor arising from the adrenal cortical cells.  Symptoms are usually related to the excessive production of hormones, and include Cushing's syndrome and virilism in women.  Common sites of metastasis include liver, lung, bone, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes.  Advanced radiologic procedures have enabled the detection of small tumors, resulting in the improvement of the 5-year survival.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3908	Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma	Ampullary Carcinoma|Ampulla of Vater Cancer	A carcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater.  The vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas.  Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9291	Anal Carcinoma	Cancer of the Anus|Carcinoma of Anus|Carcinoma of the Anus|Anal Cancer|Cancer of Anus	A carcinoma that arises from the anus. Anal carcinomas include the anal canal and perianal area (anal margin) carcinomas. Perianal carcinomas are staged separately as skin carcinomas in AJCC v6 and v7 editions. The AJCC v8 edition staging system applies to all carcinomas arising in the anal canal, including carcinomas that arise within anorectal fistulas and those arising in the perianal area (anal margin).
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3088	Angiosarcoma	Malignant Angioendothelioma|Malignant Hemangioendothelioma|Hemangiosarcoma	A malignant tumor arising from the endothelial cells of the blood vessels.  Microscopically, it is characterized by frequently open vascular anastomosing and branching channels.  The malignant cells that line the vascular channels are spindle or epithelioid and often display hyperchromatic nuclei.  Angiosarcomas most frequently occur in the skin and breast.  Patients with long-standing lymphedema are at increased risk of developing angiosarcoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9330	Appendix Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Appendix|Appendix Cancer|Carcinoma of the Appendix	A malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the appendix.  The vast majority of the cases are adenocarcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C6906	Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor	Rhabdoid Neoplasm of the CNS|Rhabdoid Tumor of the Central Nervous System|Central Nervous System Rhabdoid Neoplasm|CNS Rhabdoid Neoplasm|Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of Brain|Rhabdoid Neoplasm of CNS|Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (WHO Grade IV)|Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of Brain|Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Brain|Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor|Rhabdoid Tumor of CNS|Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Neoplasm of Brain|Rhabdoid Neoplasm of Central Nervous System|Malignant Rhabdoid Neoplasm of Brain|Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Brain|Malignant Brain Rhabdoid Tumor|Rhabdoid Tumor of Central Nervous System|Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Neoplasm of the Brain|Malignant Brain Rhabdoid Neoplasm|Malignant Rhabdoid Neoplasm of the Brain|Primary Malignant Brain Rhabdoid Tumor|Rhabdoid Tumor of the CNS|Central Nervous System Rhabdoid Tumor|CNS Rhabdoid Tumor|Primary Malignant Brain Rhabdoid Neoplasm|Rhabdoid Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System	An aggressive malignant embryonal neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is composed of cells with a large eccentric nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and abundant cytoplasm. Mutations of the INI1 gene or very rarely SMARCA4 (BRG1) gene are present. The vast majority of cases occur in childhood. Symptoms include lethargy, vomiting, cranial nerve palsy, headache, and hemiplegia.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C27814	Bile Duct Carcinoma	Bile Duct Cancer	A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct.  Carcinomas that arise from the intrahepatic bile ducts and the hepatic ducts are called cholangiocarcinomas and are almost always adenocarcinomas.  Carcinomas that arise from the extrahepatic bile ducts are adenocarcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, or mucoepidermoid carcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4912	Bladder Carcinoma	Cancer of Bladder|Cancer of Urinary Bladder|Urinary Bladder Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Bladder|Cancer of the Bladder|Cancer of the Urinary Bladder|Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder|Bladder Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Bladder|Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder|Urinary Bladder Cancer|Bladder Cancer	A carcinoma arising from the bladder epithelium.  Approximately 90% of the bladder carcinomas are transitional cell carcinomas.  The remainder are squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9312	Bone Sarcoma	Skeletal Sarcoma|Sarcoma of Bone|Sarcoma of the Bone|Osseous Sarcoma	A sarcoma that arises from the bone.  Representative examples are osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4872	Breast Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Breast|Mammary Carcinoma|Breast Carcinoma|Cancer of Breast|Breast Cancer|Cancer of the Breast|Carcinoma of Breast	A carcinoma arising from the breast, most commonly the terminal ductal-lobular unit. It is the most common malignant tumor in females. Risk factors include country of birth, family history, menstrual and reproductive history, fibrocystic disease and epithelial hyperplasia, exogenous estrogens, contraceptive agents, and ionizing radiation. The vast majority of breast carcinomas are adenocarcinomas (ductal or lobular). Breast carcinoma spreads by direct invasion, by the lymphatic route, and by the blood vessel route. The most common site of lymph node involvement is the axilla.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9293	Central Nervous System Neoplasm	Tumor of the Central Nervous System|Neoplasm of Central Nervous System|CNS Neoplasm|Tumor of CNS|CNS Tumor|Central Nervous System Tumor|Tumor of Central Nervous System|Neoplasm of the Central Nervous System|Tumor of the CNS|Neoplasm of CNS	A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm that affects the brain, meninges, or spinal cord.  Representative examples of primary neoplasms include astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, and meningioma.  Representative examples of metastatic neoplasms include carcinoma and leukemia.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9039	Cervical Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Cervix|Cancer of the Cervix|Cervical Carcinoma|Cervix Uteri Carcinoma|Cancer of Uterine Cervix|Carcinoma of Cervix Uteri|Uterine Cervix Carcinoma|Cervix Cancer|Carcinoma of the Cervix|Uterine Cervix Cancer|Cancer of the Uterine Cervix|Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri|Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix|Cancer of Cervix|Cervix Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix|Cervical Cancer	A carcinoma arising from either the exocervical squamous epithelium or the endocervical glandular epithelium. The major histologic types of cervical carcinoma are: squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4436	Cholangiocarcinoma	Cholangiocarcinoma	A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic biliary tree (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) or from the junction, or adjacent to the junction, of the right and left hepatic ducts (hilar cholangiocarcinoma). Grossly, the malignant lesions are solid, nodular, and grayish. Morphologically, the vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include malaise, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and night sweats. Early detection is difficult and the prognosis is generally poor.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C2946	Chondrosarcoma		A malignant cartilaginous matrix-producing mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone and soft tissue.  It usually affects middle-aged to elderly adults.  The pelvic bones, ribs, shoulder girdle, and long bones are the most common sites of involvement.  Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C2947	Chordoma		A malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord. Although it can occur at all ages, it is more frequently seen in middle-aged adults. The most frequent sites of involvement are the sacrococcygeal area, spheno-occipital area, and cervico-thoraco-lumbar spine. Microscopically, chordomas are composed of cells that form cords and lobules, separated by mucoid intercellular tissue. Some of the cells are large (physaliphorous) and have vacuolated cytoplasm and prominent vesicular nuclei. Other tumor cells are small with small nuclei without visible nucleoli. Chordomas tend to recur and may metastasize. The most common sites of metastasis are the skin and bone.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C2948	Choriocarcinoma	Choriocarcinoma|Chorioepithelioma	An aggressive malignant tumor arising from trophoblastic cells. The vast majority of cases arise in the uterus and represent gestational choriocarcinomas that derive from placental trophoblastic cells. Approximately half of the cases develop from a complete hydatidiform mole. A minority of cases arise in the testis or the ovaries. There is often marked elevation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood. Choriocarcinomas disseminate rapidly through the hematogenous route; the lungs are most frequently affected.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4715	Choroid Plexus Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Choroid Plexus|Cancer of the Choroid Plexus|Carcinoma of the Choroid Plexus|Choroid Plexus Cancer|Cancer of Choroid Plexus|Choroid Plexus Carcinoma	A malignant neoplasm arising from the choroid plexus.  It shows anaplastic features and usually invades neighboring brain structures. Cerebrospinal fluid metastases are frequent. (Adapted from WHO)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3163	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	B Cell CLL|Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia|Chronic B-Cell Lymphocytic Leukemia|B-Cell Lymphocytic Leukemia|Chronic Lymphogenous Leukemia|B Cell Lymphocytic Leukemia|B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia|B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia|B-Cell Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia|B-Cell CLL|Hematopoeitic - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)|B-Cell Chronic Lymphogenous Leukemia	The most common type of chronic lymphoid leukemia.  It comprises 90% of chronic lymphoid leukemias in the United States.  Morphologically, the neoplastic cells are small, round B-lymphocytes.  This type of leukemia is not considered to be curable with available therapy. (WHO, 2001)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3174	Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive	Chronic Myelogenous Leukemias|Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia|Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia|Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia|BCR-ABL Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia|Chronic Myeloid Leukemia|Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive|Hematopoeitic - Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)|CML - Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia	A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the expression of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. It presents with neutrophilic leukocytosis. It can appear at any age, but it mostly affects middle aged and older individuals. Patients usually present with fatigue, weight loss, anemia, night sweats, and splenomegaly. If untreated, it follows a biphasic or triphasic natural course; an initial indolent chronic phase which is followed by an accelerated phase, a blast phase, or both. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation and tyrosine kinase inhibitors delay disease progression and prolong overall survival.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3178	Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia	Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia	A myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm which is characterized by persistent monocytosis, absence of a Philadelphia chromosome and BCR/ABL fusion gene, fewer than 20 percent blasts in the bone marrow and blood, myelodysplasia, and absence of PDGFRA or PDGFRB rearrangement.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4910	Colon Carcinoma	Colon Carcinoma|Colonic Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Colon|Colon Cancer|Carcinoma of the Colon	A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa.  The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C2955	Colorectal Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Large Bowel|Carcinoma of the Large Intestine|Large Intestine Cancer|Large Bowel Cancer|Cancer of Large Bowel|Colorectal Cancer|Cancer of Large Intestine|Large Bowel Carcinoma|Cancer of the Large Bowel|Carcinoma of Large Bowel|Large Intestine Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Large Intestine|Cancer of the Large Intestine	A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa.  The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C38661	Composite Lymphoma		Coexistence of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the same anatomic site.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3510	Cutaneous Melanoma	Malignant Cutaneous Melanoma|Melanoma of Skin|Malignant Melanoma of Skin|Skin Melanoma|Melanoma of the Skin|Cutaneous Melanoma|Malignant Melanoma (of Skin), Stage Unspecified|Malignant Melanoma of Skin Stage Unspecified|Skin, Melanoma	A primary melanoma arising from atypical melanocytes in the skin.  Precursor lesions include acquired and congenital melanocytic nevi, and dysplastic nevi.  Several histologic variants have been recognized, including superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, nodular melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7109	Distal Bile Duct Carcinoma	Distal Biliary Tract Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Distal Biliary Tract|Carcinoma of Distal Biliary Tract	A carcinoma that arises from the common bile duct distal to the insertion of the cystic duct.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C2996	Dysgerminoma		A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of a monotonous primitive germ cell population.  The neoplastic cells form aggregates and have an abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei.  The aggregates of the germ cells are separated by fibrous septa which contain inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes.  It arises primarily in the ovaries, but can occur both primarily and secondarily at other sites, particularly the central nervous system.  It responds to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its prognosis is related to the tumor stage.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3752	Embryonal Carcinoma	Embryonal Carcinoma	A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of large germ cells with abundant cytoplasm resembling epithelial cells, geographic necrosis, high mitotic activity, and pseudoglandular and pseudopapillary structures formation. It can arise from the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites (central nervous system and mediastinum).
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3264	Embryonal Neoplasm		A usually malignant neoplasm composed of primitive (immature) tissues that resemble fetal tissues.  Medulloblastoma, Ependymoblastoma, Pineoblastoma, and Wilms tumor are representative embryonal neoplasms. --2003
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7558	Endometrial Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Endometrium|Carcinoma of Endometrium|Endometrial Carcinoma	A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium that lines the cavity of the uterine body.  The vast majority of endometrial carcinomas are adenocarcinomas; squamous cell and adenosquamous carcinomas represent a minority of the cases.  Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most frequently seen variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma.  Uterine bleeding is an initial clinical sign.  The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor, the depth of myometrial wall invasion, and the degree of differentiation.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3017	Ependymoma	Ependymoma|WHO Grade II Ependymal Tumor|WHO Grade II Ependymal Neoplasm	A WHO grade II, slow growing tumor of children and young adults, usually located intraventricularly. It is the most common ependymal neoplasm. It often causes clinical symptoms by blocking cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Key histological features include perivascular pseudorosettes and ependymal rosettes. (WHO)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3513	Esophageal Carcinoma	Cancer of Esophagus|Esophageal Carcinoma|Esophageal Cancer|Carcinoma of the Esophagus|Cancer of the Esophagus|Carcinoma of Esophagus|Esophagus Carcinoma	A malignant epithelial tumor arising from the esophageal mucosa. Two major histologic types of esophageal carcinoma have been described: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. This type of cancer is associated with excessive ethanol and cigarette usage.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4817	Ewing Sarcoma	Ewing's Tumor|Ewing's Sarcoma|ES	A small round cell tumor that lacks morphologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic evidence of neuroectodermal differentiation. It represents one of the two ends of the spectrum called Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor. It affects mostly males under age 20, and it can occur in soft tissue or bone. Pain and the presence of a mass are the most common clinical symptoms.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3867	Fallopian Tube Carcinoma	Cancer of Fallopian Tube|Fallopian Tube Cancer|Carcinoma of Fallopian Tube|Cancer of the Fallopian Tube|Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube	A carcinoma arising from the fallopian tube. Most patients are postmenopausal, and postmenopausal bleeding is the most frequently seen symptom. Morphologically, the majority of fallopian tube carcinomas are serous or endometrioid adenocarcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3844	Gallbladder Carcinoma	Gallbladder Cancer|Carcinoma of the Gallbladder|Carcinoma of Gallbladder|Cancer of the Gallbladder|Cancer of Gallbladder	A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is usually associated with the presence of gallstones. Clinical symptoms are not specific and usually present late in the course. Morphologically, most gallbladder carcinomas are adenocarcinomas; squamous cell carcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, signet ring carcinomas, and undifferentiated carcinomas can also occur.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3790	Ganglioneuroblastoma		A neuroblastic tumor characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells, ganglion cells, and a stroma with Schwannian differentiation constituting more than fifty-percent of the tumor volume.  There are two histologic subtypes identified: ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed and ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4911	Gastric Carcinoma	Gastric Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Stomach|Stomach Cancer|Carcinoma of Stomach|Cancer of the Stomach|Gastric Cancer|Stomach Carcinoma|Cancer of Stomach	A malignant epithelial tumor of the stomach mucosa. The vast majority of gastric carcinomas are adenocarcinomas, arising from the gastric glandular epithelium.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3868	Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor	Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm	A stromal tumor most commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract. Rare cases of solitary masses in the omentum or the mesentery have also been reported (extragastrointestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor).  It is a tumor that differentiates along the lines of interstitial cells of Cajal.  Most cases contain KIT- or PDGFRA-activating mutations. Until recently, surgery has been the only effective therapy for this tumor.  However, many patients still experience recurrence.  Conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been of limited value.  A KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (also known as STI-571 or Gleevec), is now effective in the treatment of relapsed and unresectable cases.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3708	Germ Cell Tumor	Germ Cell Neoplasm|Neoplasm of the Germ Cell|Tumor of the Germ Cell|Neoplasm of Germ Cell|Tumor of Germ Cell	A benign or malignant, gonadal or extragonadal neoplasm that originates from germ cells. Representative examples include teratoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3753	Germinoma	Germinoma	A malignant germ cell tumor arising in the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of primitive, large malignant germ cells and lymphocytes.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4699	Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor	Gestational Trophoblastic Disease|Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm	A diverse group of pregnancy-related tumors characterized by excessive proliferation of trophoblasts. Representative examples include hydatidiform mole, gestational choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3058	Glioblastoma	Grade IV Astrocytic Neoplasm|Glioblastoma Multiforme|GBM (Glioblastoma)|Glioblastoma|Grade IV Astrocytic Tumor|Spongioblastoma Multiforme|WHO Grade IV Glioma	The most malignant astrocytic tumor (WHO grade IV).  It is composed of poorly differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and it is characterized by the presence of cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, brisk mitotic activity, vascular thrombosis, microvascular proliferation and necrosis. It typically affects adults and is preferentially located in the cerebral hemispheres. It may develop from diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma, IDH-mutant), but more frequently, it manifests after a short clinical history de novo, without evidence of a less malignant precursor lesion (primary glioblastoma, IDH- wildtype). (Adapted from WHO)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3059	Glioma	Neoplasm of the Neuroglia|Glial Neoplasm|Neuroglial Tumor|Neoplasm of Neuroglia|Tumor of Neuroglia|Neuroglial Neoplasm|Glioma|Glial Tumor|Tumor of the Neuroglia	A benign or malignant brain and spinal cord tumor that arises from glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells). Tumors that arise from astrocytes are called astrocytic tumors or astrocytomas. Tumors that arise from oligodendrocytes are called oligodendroglial tumors. Tumors that arise from ependymal cells are called ependymomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C35850	Head and Neck Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Head and Neck|Head and Neck Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Head and Neck	A carcinoma that arises from the head and neck region.  Representative examples include oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C27134	Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm	Hematopoietic Neoplasm|Hematopoietic Neoplasms including Lymphomas|Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasms|Hematological Neoplasm|Hematologic Cancer|Hematopoietic, Including Myeloma|Hematological Tumor|Hematopoietic Cancer|Malignant Hematologic Neoplasm|Malignant Hematopoietic Neoplasm|Hematopoietic Cell Tumor|Hematologic Malignancy|Hematopoietic Tumor|Hematologic Neoplasm	A neoplasm arising from hematopoietic cells found in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes and spleen (organs of the hematopoietic system). Hematopoietic cell neoplasms can also involve other anatomic sites (e.g. central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract), either by metastasis, direct tumor infiltration, or neoplastic transformation of extranodal lymphoid tissues. The commonest forms are the various types of leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3728	Hepatoblastoma	Pediatric Embryonal Hepatoma|Pediatric Hepatoblastoma	A malignant liver neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in infants, although isolated cases in older children and adults have been reported. Grossly, hepatoblastoma is solid, well circumscribed, and more often solitary than multiple. Microscopically, most of the tumors are composed exclusively of immature hepatocytic elements. About a fourth of hepatoblastomas contain a stromal component that may be undifferentiated or develop into bone or cartilage. The treatment of choice for hepatoblastoma is surgical excision with adjuvant therapy. Liver transplantation is being increasingly used as well.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3099	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Liver Cells|Liver Cell Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Liver Cells|Primary Carcinoma of Liver Cells|Hepatocellular Carcinoma|Primary Carcinoma of the Liver Cells|Hepatoma|Liver Cell Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)	A malignant tumor that arises from hepatocytes. Hepatocellular carcinoma is relatively rare in the United States but very common in all African countries south of the Sahara and in Southeast Asia. Most cases are seen in patients over the age of 50 years, but this tumor can also occur in younger individuals and even in children. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in males than females and is associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, chronic alcohol abuse and cirrhosis. Serum elevation of alpha-fetoprotein occurs in a large percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Grossly, hepatocellular carcinoma may present as a single mass, as multiple nodules, or as diffuse liver involvement. Microscopically, there is a wide range of differentiation from tumor to tumor (well differentiated to poorly differentiated tumors). Hepatocellular carcinomas quickly metastasize to regional lymph nodes and lung. The overall median survival of untreated liver cell carcinoma is about 4 months. The most effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is complete resection of the tumor. Lately, an increasing number of tumors have been treated with liver transplantation.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C36077	Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma	Hilar CC|Klatskin Tumor	A cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the junction, or adjacent to the junction, of the right and left hepatic ducts.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9357	Hodgkin Lymphoma	Hodgkin's Lymphoma|Hodgkin's Disease	A lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, characterized by the presence of large tumor cells in an abundant admixture of nonneoplastic cells. There are two distinct subtypes: nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma involves primarily lymph nodes.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9465	Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx|Hypopharyngeal Cancer|Carcinoma of Hypopharynx|Cancer of the Hypopharynx|Cancer of Hypopharynx	Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the hypopharynx.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C35417	Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma	Intrahepatic Carcinoma of the Bile Duct|Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma|Intrahepatic Carcinoma of Bile Duct	A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium in any site of the intrahepatic biliary tree.  Grossly, the malignant lesions are solid, nodular, and grayish.  Morphologically, the vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas.  Signs and symptoms include malaise, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and night sweats.  Early detection is difficult and the prognosis is generally poor.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9087	Kaposi Sarcoma	Multiple Hemorrhagic Sarcoma|Kaposi's Sarcoma	A malignant neoplasm characterized by a vascular proliferation which usually contains blunt endothelial cells. Erythrocyte extravasation and hemosiderin deposition are frequently present. The most frequent site of involvement is the skin; however it may also occur internally. It generally develops in people with compromised immune systems including those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9384	Kidney Carcinoma	Renal Carcinoma|Renal Cancer|Kidney Cancer	A carcinoma arising from the epithelium of the renal parenchyma or the renal pelvis.  The majority are renal cell carcinomas.  Kidney carcinomas usually affect middle aged and elderly adults.  Hematuria, abdominal pain, and a palpable mass are common symptoms.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4855	Laryngeal Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Larynx|Carcinoma of Larynx|Cancer of the Larynx|Larynx Carcinoma|Cancer of Larynx|Laryngeal Cancer	Carcinoma that arises from the laryngeal epithelium. More than 90% of laryngeal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas. The remainder are adenoid cystic carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas and carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3158	Leiomyosarcoma	Leiomyosarcoma	An uncommon, aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, usually occurring in post-menopausal women.  It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.  Morphologic variants include epithelioid, granular cell, inflammatory and myxoid leimyosarcomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3161	Leukemia	Blood (Leukemia)|Leukemia	A malignant (clonal) hematologic disorder, involving hematopoietic stem cells and characterized by the presence of primitive or atypical myeloid or lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and the blood. Leukemias are classified as acute or chronic based on the degree of cellular differentiation and the predominant cell type present. Leukemia is usually associated with anemia, fever, hemorrhagic episodes, and splenomegaly. Common leukemias include acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic or precursor lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Treatment is vital to patient survival; untreated, the natural course of acute leukemias is normally measured in weeks or months, while that of chronic leukemias is more often measured in months or years.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4896	Leukemia in Remission	Leukemia (in Remission)	History of leukemia after therapy with no evidence on the peripheral blood or bone marrow of leukemia (normalization of all hematologic parameters).
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9315	Lip and Oral Cavity Carcinoma	Oral Cancer|Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer|Oral Carcinoma	A carcinoma arising in the lip or oral cavity.  Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums.  Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.  Lip carcinomas are usually basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3194	Liposarcoma	Liposarcoma Not Otherwise Specified	A usually painless malignant tumor that arises from adipose tissue.  Microscopically, it may contain a spectrum of neoplastic adipocytes ranging from lipoblasts to pleomorphic malignant adipocytes.  Morphologic variants include: well differentiated, dedifferentiated, pleomorphic, and myxoid liposarcoma.  The metastatic potential is higher in less differentiated tumors.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7927	Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma	Cancer of the Liver|Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer|Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancer|Hepatic Cancer|Liver Cancer|Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract Carcinoma|Cancer of Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract|Cancer of Liver|Primary Liver Carcinoma|Cancer of the Liver and Intrahepatic Biliary Tract	A carcinoma that arises from the hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile ducts.  The main subtypes are hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) and cholangiocarcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4878	Lung Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Lung|Carcinoma of Lung|Cancer of the Lung|Lung Cancer|Cancer of Lung	A carcinoma originating in the lung. Lung carcinomas usually arise from the epithelium that lines the bronchial tree (bronchogenic carcinomas), and are classified as small cell or non-small cell carcinomas. Non-small cell lung carcinomas are usually adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, or large cell carcinomas. Metastatic carcinomas to the lung are also common, and can be difficult to distinguish from primary tumors.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7539	Lymphoid Leukemia	Lymphogenous Leukemia|Lymphocytic Leukemia	A malignant lymphocytic neoplasm of B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.  This category includes precursor or acute lymphoblastic leukemias and chronic leukemias.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3208	Lymphoma	Lymphoma|Malignant Lymphoma|Lymphoma (Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's)|Lymphoma (Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin)	A malignant (clonal) proliferation of B- lymphocytes or T- lymphocytes which involves the lymph nodes, bone marrow and/or extranodal sites. This category includes Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4016	Malignant Bone Neoplasm	Malignant Tumor of Bone|Bone Cancer|Cancer of the Bone|Malignant Osseous Tumor|Malignant Neoplasm of the Bone|Cancer of Bone|Malignant Neoplasm of Bone|Malignant Bone Tumor|Osseous Cancer|Malignant Osseous Neoplasm|Malignant Tumor of the Bone	A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the bone or articular cartilage.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4767	Malignant Eye Neoplasm	Malignant Neoplasm of Eye|Eye Cancer|Malignant Tumor of the Eye|Malignant Ocular Neoplasm|Malignant Eye Tumor|Malignant Ocular Tumor|Eye Neoplasm, Malignant|Malignant Tumor of Eye|Cancer of the Eye|Cancer of Eye|Malignant Neoplasm of the Eye	A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the structures of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, retina), the lacrimal gland, and the eyelid. Representative examples include melanoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, and retinoblastoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9063	Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor	Testicular Cancer|Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of Testis|Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of the Testis|Testicular Germ Cell Cancer|Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of Testis|Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor|Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Neoplasm|Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis	A malignant tumor predominantly affecting young men and often associated with cryptorchidism.  Seminoma is the most frequently seen malignant testicular germ cell tumor, followed by embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3224	Melanoma	Malignant Melanoma|Melanoma	A malignant, usually aggressive tumor composed of atypical, neoplastic melanocytes. Most often, melanomas arise in the skin (cutaneous melanomas) and include the following histologic subtypes: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Cutaneous melanomas may arise from acquired or congenital melanocytic or dysplastic nevi. Melanomas may also arise in other anatomic sites including the gastrointestinal system, eye, urinary tract, and reproductive system. Melanomas frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3230	Meningioma	Meningioma	A generally slow growing tumor attached to the dura mater. It is composed of neoplastic meningothelial (arachnoidal) cells. It typically occurs in adults, often women and it has a wide range of histopathological appearances. Of the various subtypes, meningothelial, fibrous and transitional meningiomas are the most common. Most meningiomas are WHO grade I tumors, and some are WHO grade II or III tumors. Most subtypes share a common clinical behavior, although some subtypes are more likely to recur and follow a more aggressive clinical course. (Adapted from WHO)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3234	Mesothelioma		A usually malignant and aggressive neoplasm of the mesothelium which is often associated with exposure to asbestos.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4290	Mixed Germ Cell Tumor	Combined Germ Cell Neoplasm|Mixed Germ Cell Tumor|Combined Germ Cell Tumor|Mixed Germ Cell Neoplasm	A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of at least two different germ cell components. The different germ cell components include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, and seminoma. It occurs in the ovary, testis, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system and mediastinum.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3247	Myelodysplastic Syndrome	Myelodysplasia|Dysmyelopoietic Syndrome|Smoldering Leukemia|Myelodysplastic Syndrome|Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Neoplasm|Oligoblastic Leukemia|Myelodysplastic Neoplasm|Hematopoeitic - Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)	A clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis in one or more of the hematopoietic cell lines. The dysplasia may be accompanied by an increase in myeloblasts, but the number is less than 20%, which, according to the WHO guidelines, is the requisite threshold for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. It may occur de novo or as a result of exposure to alkylating agents and/or radiotherapy. (WHO, 2001)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3172	Myeloid Leukemia	Myelocytic Leukemia|Myelogenous Leukemia	A clonal proliferation of myeloid cells and their precursors in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. When the proliferating cells are immature myeloid cells and myeloblasts, it is called acute myeloid leukemia. When the proliferating myeloid cells are neutrophils, it is called chronic myelogenous leukemia.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9290	Myeloid Neoplasm	Myeloid Malignancy|Myeloid Tumor	Proliferation of myeloid cells originating from a primitive stem cell.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C54293	Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Carcinoma	Sinonasal Carcinoma	A carcinoma arising from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3871	Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx|Carcinoma of Nasopharynx|Cancer of the Nasopharynx|Nasopharyngeal Cancer|Cancer of Nasopharynx	A carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium.  It includes the following types: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, nonkeratinizing carcinoma (differentiated and undifferentiated), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C54705	Neoplastic Syndrome	Tumor Syndrome	A broad classification for disorders in which the development of neoplasms typically occur in association with a characteristic set of signs or symptoms. These disorders may be inherited or acquired.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3268	Nervous System Neoplasm	Neoplasm of the Nervous System|Tumor of Nervous System|Nervous System Tumor|Nervous System Tumour|Neoplasm of Nervous System|Tumor of the Nervous System|Nervous System Neoplasms	A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the central or peripheral nervous system.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3270	Neuroblastoma	Neuroblastoma (Schwannian Stroma-Poor)|Neuroblastoma	A neuroblastic tumor characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells, the absence of ganglion cells, and the absence of a prominent Schwannian stroma formation.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3773	Neuroendocrine Carcinoma		A malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm composed of cells containing secretory granules that stain positive for NSE and chromogranin.  The neoplastic cells are often round and form clusters or trabecular sheets.  Representative examples are small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3809	Neuroendocrine Neoplasm		A benign or malignant neoplasm composed of cells of neuroendocrine origin. Representative examples include paraganglioma, carcinoid tumor, and neuroendocrine carcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C8711	Non-Cutaneous Melanoma	Extracutaneous Melanoma	Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, cells that are derived from the neural crest. Although most melanomas arise in the skin, they also may arise from mucosal surfaces or at other sites to which neural crest cells migrate. (PDQ)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3211	Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)|Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma	Distinct from Hodgkin lymphoma both morphologically and biologically, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells, can occur at any age, and usually presents as a localized or generalized lymphadenopathy associated with fever and weight loss. The clinical course varies according to the morphologic type. NHL is clinically classified as indolent, aggressive, or having a variable clinical course. NHL can be of B-or T-/NK-cell lineage.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C2926	Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma	NSCLC - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer|Non Small Cell Lung Cancer NOS|Non-Small Cell Cancer of the Lung|Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer|Non-Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung|Non-Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung|Non-Small Cell Cancer of Lung	A group of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including non-small cell squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Non-small cell lung carcinomas have a poor response to conventional chemotherapy.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C8990	Oral Cavity Carcinoma	Mouth Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Oral Cavity|Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity|Carcinoma of Mouth	A carcinoma arising in the oral cavity.  Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums.  Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9105	Oropharyngeal Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Oropharynx|Carcinoma of Oropharynx|Cancer of the Oropharynx|Oropharyngeal Cancer|Cancer of Oropharynx|Oropharynx Carcinoma	Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the oropharynx.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9145	Osteosarcoma	Osteogenic Sarcoma	A usually aggressive malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm, predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults. It usually involves bones and less frequently extraosseous sites. It often involves the long bones (particularly distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus). Pain with or without a palpable mass is the most frequent clinical symptom. It may spread to other anatomic sites, particularly the lungs.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4908	Ovarian Carcinoma	Ovarian Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Ovary|Carcinoma of Ovary	A malignant neoplasm originating from the surface ovarian epithelium.  It accounts for the greatest number of deaths from malignancies of the female genital tract and is the fifth leading cause of cancer fatalities in women.  It is predominantly a disease of older white women of northern European extraction, but it is seen in all ages and ethnic groups.  Adenocarcinomas constitute the vast majority of ovarian carcinomas.  The pattern of metastatic spread in ovarian carcinoma is similar regardless of the microscopic type.  The most common sites of involvement are the contralateral ovary, peritoneal cavity, para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes, and liver.  Lung and pleura are the most common sites of extra-abdominal spread.  The primary form of therapy is surgical.  The overall prognosis of ovarian carcinoma remains poor, a direct result of its rapid growth rate and the lack of early symptoms. --2002
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7073	Paget Disease	Paget's Disease|Paget Disease|Paget's Cell Neoplasm|Paget Cell Neoplasm	A malignant neoplasm composed of large cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant pale cytoplasm (Paget cells).  Paget cell neoplasms include Paget disease of the nipple and extramammary Paget disease which may affect the vulva, penis, anus, skin and scrotum.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3850	Pancreatic Carcinoma	Cancer of Pancreas|Pancreas Cancer|Exocrine Pancreas Carcinoma|Pancreas Carcinoma|Pancreatic Cancer|Pancreatic Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Pancreas|Cancer of the Pancreas|Carcinoma of the Pancreas	A carcinoma arising from the exocrine pancreas. The overwhelming majority of pancreatic carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4906	Parathyroid Gland Carcinoma	Cancer of Parathyroid Gland|Adenocarcinoma of Parathyroid Gland|Parathyroid Cancer|Cancer of the Parathyroid Gland|Carcinoma of Parathyroid Gland|Adenocarcinoma of the Parathyroid Gland|Adenocarcinoma of the Parathyroid|Adenocarcinoma of Parathyroid|Carcinoma of the Parathyroid Gland|Parathyroid Adenocarcinoma|Carcinoma of the Parathyroid|Parathyroid Gland Adenocarcinoma|Parathyroid Gland Cancer|Carcinoma of Parathyroid|Parathyroid Carcinoma	A malignant tumor arising from the parenchymal cells of the parathyroid gland. It is associated with the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism, resulting from the excessive production of parathyroid hormone. Morphologically, the differential diagnosis from parathyroid gland adenoma may be difficult. A definitive diagnosis of carcinoma is made only in the presence of capsular invasion, vascular invasion, and/or perineural invasion.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9061	Penile Carcinoma	Penile Cancer|Cancer of Penis|Carcinoma of Penis|Cancer of the Penis|Carcinoma of the Penis	A carcinoma that arises from the penis. Risk factors include phimosis and human papillomavirus infection. The majority of penile carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas. The most frequent clinical presentation is an irregular mass in the glans of the penis. Treatment includes surgical management and radiation therapy.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9466	Pharyngeal Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Pharynx|Cancer of the Pharynx|Pharynx Carcinoma|Cancer of Pharynx|Pharyngeal Cancer|Carcinoma of the Pharynx	Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the pharynx.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9344	Pineoblastoma	Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Pineal Gland|Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of Pineal Gland|Pineal Gland PNET|Pineal Gland Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor|Pineal PNET|Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm of the Pineal Gland|Pineoblastoma (WHO Grade IV)|PNET of the Pineal Gland|Pineoblastoma|Pineal Gland Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm|Pineal Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor|Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm of Pineal Gland|PNET of Pineal Gland|Pineal Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm	A poorly differentiated malignant embryonal neoplasm arising from the pineal region.  It usually occurs in children and it is characterized by the presence of small immature neuroepithelial cells.  It may follow an aggressive clinical course.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4536	Pituitary Gland Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Pituitary Gland|Cancer of Pituitary|Carcinoma of Pituitary Gland|Cancer of the Pituitary Gland|Cancer of Pituitary Gland|Carcinoma of the Pituitary|Carcinoma of Pituitary|Pituitary Gland Cancer|Cancer of the Pituitary|Pituitary Gland Adenocarcinoma|Pituitary Carcinoma	A rare adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis, arising from the adenohypophysial cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland or pre-existing adenomas.  The majority are hormonally functioning neoplasms, usually producing prolactin or ACTH.  The diagnosis is based on the presence of metastases.  Syndromes associated with pituitary gland carcinomas include hyperprolactinemia, Cushing disease, and acromegaly.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3242	Plasma Cell Myeloma	Myeloma|Plasma Cell Myeloma|Multiple Myeloma	A bone marrow-based plasma cell neoplasm characterized by a serum monoclonal protein and skeletal destruction with osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and anemia.  Clinical variants include non-secretory myeloma, smoldering myeloma, indolent myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia. (WHO, 2001)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4665	Plasma Cell Neoplasm	Plasma Cell Dyscrasia|Plasma Cell Tumor|Plasmacytic Tumor|Plasmacytic Neoplasm|Plasmacytic Tumour	A clonal proliferation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells.  This category includes plasma cell myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, plasmacytoma, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9349	Plasmacytoma		A malignant (clonal) proliferation of plasma cells that are cytologically and immunophenotypically identical to those of plasma cell myeloma, but manifest a localized osseous or extraosseous growth pattern. (WHO, 2001)
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C5669	Pleuropulmonary Blastoma	Pulmonary Blastoma of Childhood	A malignant neoplasm affecting the lungs and/or the pleura. Pleuropulmonary blastoma is seen in children. Microscopically, the tumor may show features of chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma. In approximately 25% of patients with pleuropulmonary blastoma, there are other lesions or neoplasms that may affect patients or their families, including lung or kidney cysts, and ovarian or testicular neoplasms. Heterozygous germline mutations in DICER1 gene have been identified in families harboring pleuropulmonary blastomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C40022	Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma		A rare carcinoma that arises from the peritoneum and resembles the malignant surface epithelial-stromal tumors that arise from the ovary.  Serous adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic variant. It affects women almost exclusively.  The diagnosis of primary peritoneal carcinoma can be made only if both ovaries are not involved by tumor, or, if the ovaries are involved, the tumor is confined to the ovarian surface without invasion of the ovarian stroma and the peritoneal involvement is greater than the ovarian surface involvement.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3716	Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor	Neuroectodermal Tumor|Neuroectodermal Neoplasm|Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm|Neuroepithelioma|Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor	A malignant neoplasm that originates in the neuroectoderm. The neuroectoderm constitutes the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems and includes some glial cell precursors.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4863	Prostate Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Prostate|Cancer of the Prostate|Carcinoma of Prostate|Prostate Cancer|Prostate Carcinoma|Cancer of Prostate	One of the most common malignant tumors afflicting men.  The majority of carcinomas arise in the peripheral zone and a minority occur in the central or the transitional zone of the prostate gland.  Grossly, prostatic carcinomas appear as ill-defined yellow areas of discoloration in the prostate gland lobes.  Adenocarcinomas represent the overwhelming majority of prostatic carcinomas.  Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) serum test is widely used as a screening test for the early detection of prostatic carcinoma.  Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen ablation and cryotherapy.  Watchful waiting or surveillance alone is an option for older patients with low-grade or low-stage disease.  -- 2002
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9382	Rectal Carcinoma	Cancer of Rectum|Carcinoma of Rectum|Cancer of the Rectum|Rectal Cancer|Carcinoma of the Rectum	A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa.  The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9385	Renal Cell Carcinoma	Renal Cell Cancer|Adenocarcinoma of Kidney|Renal Cell Adenocarcinoma|Renal Cell Carcinoma, Stage Unspecified|Renal Cell Carcinoma|Adenocarcinoma of the Kidney|Kidney Adenocarcinoma	A carcinoma arising from the renal parenchyma.  There is a strong correlation between cigarette smoking and the development of renal cell carcinoma.  The clinical presentation includes : hematuria, flank pain and a palpable lumbar mass.  A high percentage of renal cell carcinomas are diagnosed when an ultrasound is performed for other purposes.  Radical nephrectomy is the standard intervention procedure.  Renal cell carcinoma is generally considered to be resistant to radiation treatment and chemotherapy.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7515	Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma	Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer	
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C6142	Renal Pelvis Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Kidney Pelvis|Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis|Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis|Kidney Pelvis Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Kidney Pelvis	A carcinoma arising in the renal pelvis.  The majority of renal pelvis carcinomas are transitional cell and less frequently squamous cell carcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7541	Retinoblastoma		A malignant tumor that originates in the nuclear layer of the retina. As the most common primary tumor of the eye in children, retinoblastoma is still relatively uncommon, accounting for only 1% of all malignant tumors in pediatric patients. Approximately 95% of cases are diagnosed before age 5. These tumors may be multifocal, bilateral, congenital, inherited, or acquired. Seventy-five percent of retinoblastomas are unilateral; 60% occur sporadically. A predisposition to retinoblastoma has been associated with 13q14 cytogenetic abnormalities. Patients with the inherited form also appear to be at increased risk for secondary nonocular malignancies such as osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and fibrosarcoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7352	Retroperitoneal Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Retroperitoneum|Carcinoma of Retroperitoneum	A rare carcinoma that arises from the retroperitoneal space.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3359	Rhabdomyosarcoma		A rare aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle. It usually occurs in children and young adults. Only a small percentage of tumors arise in the skeletal muscle of the extremities. The majority arise in other anatomical sites.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9272	Salivary Gland Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Salivary Gland|Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland	A carcinoma that arises from the major or minor salivary glands.  Representative examples include carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9118	Sarcoma	Sarcoma of the Soft Tissue and Bone|Sarcoma|Sarcoma of Soft Tissue and Bone	A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm of the soft tissue or bone. It arises from muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. Sarcomas occur in both children and adults. The prognosis depends largely on the degree of differentiation (grade) of the neoplasm. Representative subtypes are liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9309	Seminoma	Seminoma, Pure	A radiosensitive malignant germ cell tumor found in the testis (especially undescended), and extragonadal sites (anterior mediastinum and pineal gland).  It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with clear or dense cytoplasm which contains glycogen, and by a large nucleus which contains one or more nucleoli.  The neoplastic germ cells form aggregates separated by fibrous septa.  The fibrous septa contain chronic inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4914	Skin Carcinoma	Carcinoma of the Skin|Skin Carcinoma|Skin Cancer, Non-Melanoma|Non-Melanoma Cancer of Skin|Carcinoma of Skin|Non-Melanoma Cancer of the Skin|Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer	A carcinoma that arises from the skin.  Representative examples are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4917	Small Cell Lung Carcinoma	Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Lung|Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung|Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung|Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung|Lung Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma|Small Cell Lung Cancer	A highly aggressive subtype of lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant small cells and necrosis. Metastatic disease is usually present at the time of diagnosis.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7724	Small Intestinal Carcinoma	Small Bowel Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Small Bowel|Cancer of the Small Bowel|Carcinoma of Small Intestine|Cancer of Small Bowel|Small Intestine Cancer|Carcinoma of the Small Bowel|Small Bowel Cancer|Carcinoma of the Small Intestine	A carcinoma arising from the small intestine. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. The remaining cases are adenosquamous, squamous, or undifferentiated carcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9306	Soft Tissue Sarcoma	Sarcoma of the Soft Tissue|Connective Tissue Sarcoma|Sarcoma of Soft Tissue	A malignant neoplasm arising from muscle tissue, adipose tissue, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, or other supportive tissues excluding the bones.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3403	Teratoma		A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). It occurs in the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system, mediastinum, lung, and stomach. According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal-type tissues. Testicular teratomas in children follow a benign clinical course. Mature ovarian teratomas without a fetal-type component have an excellent outcome. The prognosis of immature ovarian teratomas is related to the grade and stage of the tumor.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C7569	Thymic Carcinoma	Thymic Carcinoma Excluding Well Differentiated Thymic Carcinoma|Thymic Carcinoma (Excluding Well Differentiated Thymic Carcinoma)	A diverse group of carcinomas of the thymus gland, previously known as thymoma type C (WHO-1999).  It includes morphologic variants derived from purely epithelial cells, as well as from cells with neuroendocrine differentiation.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3411	Thymoma		A neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of the thymus.  Although thymomas are usually encapsulated tumors, they may invade the capsule and infiltrate the surrounding tissues or even metastasize to distant anatomic sites.  The following morphologic subtypes are currently recognized: type A, type B, type AB, metaplastic, micronodular, microscopic, and sclerosing thymoma.  Thymomas type B are further subdivided into types B1, B2, and B3. Thymoma type B3 usually has the most aggressive clinical course.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4815	Thyroid Gland Carcinoma	Thyroid Gland Carcinoma|Thyroid Cancer|Carcinoma of Thyroid Gland|Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland|Cancer of Thyroid|Head and Neck Cancer, Thyroid|Thyroid Gland Cancer|Carcinoma of Thyroid|Cancer of the Thyroid|Thyroid Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Thyroid	A carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland. It is usually an adenocarcinoma and includes the following main subtypes: follicular, papillary, medullary, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3422	Trophoblastic Tumor	Trophoblastic Neoplasms|Trophoblastic Neoplasm	A gestational or non-gestational neoplasm composed of neoplastic trophoblastic cells. Representative examples include hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C8993	Ureter Carcinoma	Carcinoma of Ureter|Ureteral Carcinoma|Carcinoma of the Ureter	A carcinoma of the ureter.  The majority of ureter carcinomas are transitional cell and less frequently squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas.  --2003
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C9106	Urethral Carcinoma	Urethra Carcinoma|Carcinoma of Urethra|Urethral Cancer|Carcinoma of the Urethra	Malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from the urethra (lower urinary tract).
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C61574	Uterine Corpus Cancer	Cancer of the Corpus Uteri|Endometrial Cancer|Corpus Uteri Cancer	A malignant neoplasm arising from the uterine corpus. This category includes endometrial carcinoma and carcinosarcoma.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3917	Vaginal Carcinoma	Vaginal Cancer|Carcinoma of Vagina|Cancer of the Vagina|Vagina Carcinoma|Cancer of Vagina|Carcinoma of the Vagina|Vagina Cancer	A carcinoma arising from the vaginal epithelium. The majority of vaginal carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C4866	Vulvar Carcinoma	Vulva Cancer|Carcinoma of the Vulva|Carcinoma of Vulva|Cancer of the Vulva|Vulva Carcinoma|Cancer of Vulva|Vulvar Cancer	A carcinoma arising from the vulva.  It usually affects elderly women but has been observed in premenopausal women as well.  The most frequently seen histologic type is squamous cell carcinoma. The most common site of involvement is the labia majora.  In many cases, the development of vulvar cancer is preceded by condyloma or squamous dysplasia.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3267	Wilms Tumor	Wilms' Tumor	An embryonal neoplasm characterized by the presence of epithelial, mesenchymal, and blastema components. The vast majority of cases arise from the kidney. A small number of cases with morphologic features resembling Wilms tumor of the kidney have been reported arising from the ovary and the cervix.
C138190	CTS-API Disease Main Type Terminology	C3011	Yolk Sac Tumor	Endodermal Sinus Tumor|Yolk Sac Tumor|Yolk Sac Neoplasm|Yolk Sac Tumour Site Unspecified|Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm	A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor composed of primitive germ cells.  It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the pediatric population. It occurs in the infant testis, ovary, sacrococcygeal region, vagina, uterus, prostate, abdomen, liver, retroperitoneum, thorax, and pineal/third ventricle. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Treatment includes: surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. This tumor is very responsive to chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatinum.