A C157225 CBDD Terminology C165845 Monomer Deletion Site Monomer deletion site The location of a monomer deletion in a polymer. Chemical Viewed Structurally C C157225 CBDD Terminology C142787 Viral Transduction Transduction The transfer of genetic material from one microorganism to another by a viral agent. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157198 Depolymerization Depolymerization The process that catabolizes the covalent bonds between monomeric structures in a polymer. Physiologic Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157199 Hydrogenation Hydrogenation The addition of two hydrogen atoms to another molecular entity through the reaction of molecular hydrogen (H2) with that entity. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157200 Cold Adaptation Cold adaptation The process by which the form or structure of an organism or a bioactive molecule is modified to survive or have activity in a low temperature environment. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157201 Combustion Combustion The combination of a substance with oxygen that involves the production of heat and light. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157202 Conjugation Conjugation The formation of one or more covalent or non-covalent links between two or more chemical compounds. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157203 Reduction Reduction A chemical reaction that results in a gain of electrons by one of the chemical species involved in the reaction. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157204 Fermentation Fermentation The exothermic catabolic processing of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157205 Hydroxylation Hydroxylation The process that introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into an organic acceptor molecule. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157206 Adsorption Adsorption The adhesion of a gas, liquid or dissolved solid chemical of interest onto a solid surface. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157207 Quaternization Quaternization The formation of a quaternary compound. Natural Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157208 Succinylation Succinylation The process of adding a succinyl radical to an acceptor molecule. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157209 Transesterification Transesterification A chemical reaction during which an ester is converted to an alcohol and an alcohol is converted to an ester through the exchange of their respective organic groups. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157210 Amidation Amidation The process of reacting with or forming an amide. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157211 Cell Expansion Cell expansion A cell culture procedure that is designed to promote cell growth. Laboratory Procedure C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157212 Pegylation PEGylation The process of attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer chains to other macromolecules. Laboratory Procedure C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157213 Salt Formation Salt formation The production of a compound comprised of a cation bound to or associated with an anion that forms as a result of neutralization of an acid and a base or of a metal or metal cation and an acid or non-metal anion. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157214 Acylation Acylation The addition of an acyl group to an acceptor molecule. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157215 Epoxidation Epoxidation The conversion of a carbon-carbon double bond and oxygen, peroxide or peroxyacid into an a cyclic ether with a three-atom ring (epoxide or oxirane). Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157216 Esterification Esterification The process of converting an alcohol and an acid into an ester and water. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157217 Viral Hemagglutinin Purification Viral hemagglutinin purification The process used to isolate hemagglutinin from a viral sample. Laboratory Procedure C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157218 Viral Neuraminidase Purification Viral neuraminidase purification The process used to isolate neuraminidase from a viral sample. Laboratory Procedure C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157219 Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Purification Viral envelope glycoproteins purification The process used to isolate envelope glycoproteins from a viral sample. Laboratory Procedure C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157220 Antigen Cultivation Antigen cultivation Antigen generation The method used to collect and isolate the antigenic proteins or DNA from a pathogen or pathologic sample. Laboratory Procedure C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157224 Nucleotide Substitution Site Nucleotide substitution site Nucleotide substitution point The nucleotide position that is substituted in a nucleic acid variant. Cell or Molecular Dysfunction C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157353 Monomer Deletion Monomer deletion The physicochemical identity of the repeating monomer unit removed from a polymer. Chemical Viewed Structurally C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157466 Monomer Connection Points Branched structural repeat unit connection points The atoms that make up the head and branch points within a single repeating monomeric unit in a branched polymer. Chemical Viewed Structurally C C157225 CBDD Terminology C157467 Nucleotide Connection Points Nucleotide connection points The phosphorus (P) atom found in the phosphate group and the oxygen (O) atom bound to the 3' carbon of the sugar within a single nucleotide, which can each form linkages with adjacent nucleotides during nucleic acid synthesis. Chemical Viewed Structurally C C157225 CBDD Terminology C16255 Acetylation Acetylation Acetylation involves the covalent linkage of an acetyl group into an organic molecule. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C164238 Chemical Attenuation Chemical attenuation The use of a chemical agent to reduce the force or intensity of something. Activity C C157225 CBDD Terminology C164239 Ultraviolet Irradiation Attenuation Ultraviolet irradiation attenuation The use of ultraviolet radiation to reduce the force or intensity of something. Activity C C157225 CBDD Terminology C164241 Cross-Linked Chemical Connection Points Cross-linked structural repeat unit connection points The atoms that make up the head and the tail points within a structural repeat unit that are involved in cross-links in a polymer. Chemical Viewed Structurally C C157225 CBDD Terminology C164242 Nucleotide Polymer Polynucleotide A biopolymer composed of nucleotide monomers. Chemical Viewed Structurally C C157225 CBDD Terminology C164243 Structural Repeat Unit Structural repeat unit A chemical fragment that represents a single repeating structure in a polymer. Conceptual Entity C C157225 CBDD Terminology C16702 Hydrolysis Hydrolysis A chemical reaction in which a water molecule is added to a compound. This addition often involves the splitting or cleavage of the molecule. The hydroxyl group is incorporated into one fragment of the compound and the hydrogen atom in the other. Physiologic Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C16944 Oxidation Oxidation The process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound accompanied by a loss of electrons. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C21049 Gene Expression Process Gene expression Any subcellular or molecular event or process specifically, primarily, and directly designed for and involved in the production of mature functional biomolecular products encoded by a gene. Genetic Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C28009 Hydration Hydration The chemical process by which a molecular entity reacts with both the hydroxyl group (-OH) and proton (H+) found in a water molecule. Natural Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C34072 Polymerization Polymerization The act or process of changing to a polymeric form. Polymerization consists of reactions that form a compound (polymer), usually of high molecular weight, by combination of simpler molecules (monomers). Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C40483 Chelating Activity Chelation The process of forming bonds, covalent, non-covalent or coordinating, between a metal atom and another compound. Molecular Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C41544 Catabolic Process Enzymolysis The process by which complex molecules are degraded by an enzyme to yield simpler molecules. Physiologic Function C C157225 CBDD Terminology C47936 Cross Link Crosslinking Any covalent linkage between two polymers or between two different regions of the same polymer. Anatomical Structure C C157225 CBDD Terminology C61471 Attenuation Attenuation A weakening in force or intensity. Activity C C157225 CBDD Terminology C63855 Sulfation Sulfation The formation of a sulfate through the addition of a sulfo group to an acceptor molecule. Phenomenon or Process C C157225 CBDD Terminology C73481 Radioisotopic Labeling Radiolabelling A laboratory procedure that results in the incorporation of a radioactive isotope into a molecule of interest. Laboratory Procedure